Chicago Analysis

â€Å"Chicago† Analysis â€Å"Chicago† by Carl Sandburg is a poem written to describe the everyday lives of Chicagoans. Sandburg uses poetic devices such as similes, personification, and imagery to emphasize parts of the poem, which helps him show his love and pride for the city of Chicago. Imagery played a very important part in the poem because it gave the reader an image in there head of the city and the environment with the people who lived there.The main purpose of this poem is to defend the common theories that are directed toward the city of Chicago. Sandburg talks about the corruption of the city, which shows he is honest about what he says, but also points out the flaws of other cities and their people. He also points out that even though Chicago is corrupt and bad on the outside, it still has good people on the inside. In the first stanza Carl Sandburg gives details about the jobs of the city and the things most noticed about it.The first stanza states the nam e HOG butcher of the world which gives the person an image of a butcher in the city; it also states toolmakers, Stacker of wheat and railroad workers. The details of the city make you think of a stormy, husky, brawling, city with big shoulders. This all means that the city is windy, full of fighters and destruction. Imagery in the poem state that things are very bright and out spoken in the city but even though the city is seen as dark and evil on the outside it’s people are very bright and filled with happiness. Chicago† is filled with personification. By the end of the poem, Chicago seems to be way more like a man than like a city. It has shoulders, a heart, a pulse, and it laughs. Sandburg paints a portrait of a city that is, in some ways, very human. It's flawed and it's beautiful, it's rough and intense. It's vibrant and adjustable. It turns out that the best way for Sandburg to comprehend the city is to compare it to a human being, that way we have a frame of refe rence for all the beautiful, strong, messiness.Lines 1-5 is the perfect example for a personification. â€Å"Here, the city is described as various types of workers; it is a hog butcher and a toolmaker and so on. The city resembles the very people who live in it. † In the poem â€Å"Chicago† Carl Sandburg uses similes to create an idea in the readers mind. For example Sandburg writes,†Fierce as a dog with tongue lapping for action as a savage pitted against the wilderness. † Here the poet want to compare the city of Chicago to a fierce dog.This really helps the reader imagine Chicago as a wild and crazy city that is ready for action. Sandburg does an excellent job on demonstrating his love and pride for the city of Chicago. The poetic devices not only make the poem a lot more understandable, but also more interesting. The personifications Sandburg uses make the city seem like a man. He also uses great similes to compare Chicago to other places (which is nea rly impossible), and imagery to help those who have never been to Chicago understand what Chicago is like.

Chemistry practice skills Essay

What type of forces must be overcome when solid I2 dissolves in methanol, CH3OH? Induced dipole What type of forces must be disrupted between CH3OH molecules when I2 dissolves? Hydrogen bonding What type of forces exist between I2 and CH3OH molecules in solution? Dipole-Induced Dipole 4) What type of intermolecular forces must be overcome in converting each of the following from a liquid to a gas? a) CO2 London forces, dipole-dipole b) NH3 London forces, dipole-dipole, hydrogen c) CHCl3 London forces, dipole-dipole d) CCl4 London forces 6) Rank the following in order of increasing strength of intermolecular forces in the pure substances. Which substance exists as a gas at 25 Â ®C and 1 atm? He < CH3OH < CH3CH2CH2CH3 He (helium) and CH3CH2CH2CH3 (butane) exist as a gas at 25Â ® C and 1 atm 12) The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid mercury is 59.11kJ/mol. What quantity of energy as heat is required to vaporize 0.500 mL of mercury at 357Â ®C, its normal boiling point? The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. 2.0 kJ 16) Figure 12.17 a) if water is placed in a sealed milk carton at 60 degrees Celsius and sealed tightly and allowed to cool, eventually there will be an equilibrium of liquid and vapor. Gas is not able to escape and masses of the liquid and vapor remain constant. b) assuming that the temperature your hand is below 34.6 degrees Celsius, liquid diethyl ether should remain a liquid if dropped on your hand. 22) Vapor pressure data for octane C8H18 38.6 kJ/mol, normal boiling point 128Â ® C 26) What factors affect the viscosity of a substance? Temperature, size of the molecule, polarity, and the amount of substance present affect viscosity. Which of the following substances is expected to have the highest viscosity? Glycerol has the highest viscosity because it has the greatest amount of intermolecular forces. Should viscosity of a substance be affected by temperature? Explain. As the temperature of a liquid increases the kinetic energy required to separate the intermolecular forces also increases. The amount of separation that occurs is a measure of the viscosity, the opposite effect occurs when a liquid is cooled as the energy level is minimal.

Zoo Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zoo Activity - Essay Example Although the other placental mammals had a tendency to live in grasslands, marine and other environments, the adaptive niche for the primates was trees. According to the arboreal hypothesis, this provided numerous challenges and opportunities such as depth perception and binocular vision, climbing by utilising prehensile hands and feet instead of claws, varied diet resulted to omnivorous adaptation and longer life span, increased their intelligence and more elaborate social system which they required to cope with. 1. White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) White-handed gibbons are diurnal, natural aerial acrobats and are fairly awkward on the ground. The have long fingers and limbs, special thumbs and strong arms are specialised to the arboreal life in their forest home. Stewart and Harcourt (16-19) noted that as they swing from limb to limb they usually hook their fingers lightly over the branches. When they meet a break in the trees, they have the capability to leap to the next tree up to 25-30 feet away. Their intelligence in locomotion makes them quick and efficient when moving from feeding to escaping from predators. The morphology and behavior of white-handed gibbon With regard to its morphology, the white-handed gibbon lacks a tail and has a throat sac located beneath the chin. The average body mass for an adult is around 5.7 kilograms, and for the female it is around 5.3 kilograms.

Comparative analyisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative analyisis - Essay Example Conley comes out with a harsh and firm tone that human cloning should not be practiced as it does interfere with God’s creation. Professor Ian Wilmut is polite and puts himself on the hot seat to defend the practice. He remains objective and asks hard questions that if couples have been denied the right to procreate naturally what would be the ill effect of trying out new technology like human cloning. (Wilmut,2007). The topic on human cloning has brushed shoulders with the high political icons and religious leaders. The ethical part has hit many headlines in media world and eye brows rose on in its interference with the natural process of human creation. Wilmut has remained extremely aggressive and has an ego driven attitude towards the whole process and the perception on human cloning as opposed to Conley in his view on the interference with natural process (Conley,1994). Human procreation has been through the natural process since time immemorial. With the current advancement of technology and research, morals of human cloning were brought to task. Conley has well addressed the burning issue and has made great strides in evaluating the challenges that couples face when they have the challenge of conceiving and bearing children (Conley, 1994).With his deep rooted roman catholic arguments, he remains a close minded author as to the effects of human cloning unlike Wilmut who is polite spoken learned author with an aim to kill the stigma. The research that has been done was to solve some these issues. Couples have been genetically challenged to have the right to live, a life like any other normal human being (Wilmut,2007). The pervasiveness of this discourse concerning the dignity in today’s Western world has given it a mask of the subject matter that has been highly contested and made it vague. As our educated writer Wilmut has observed in his sixth edition. This concept has become totally ubiquitous. Conley has claimed

Recycling as a Mandatory Process Research Paper

Recycling as a Mandatory Process - Research Paper Example Among the top concerns in environmental pollution involve proper waste disposal and management among every citizen and the authorities that govern them since litter generated by humans is the primary cause of pollution (Ferrara and Missios 222-223). Every day, tons of garbage is being collected in every city all over the world. All kinds of wastes coming from household consumption and industrial by-products are dumped in landfills, segregated, incarcerated, recycled or worse, discarded anywhere. Emergent concerns for municipal waste generation and disposal are rapidly increasing mainly because of the public awareness in the effects of waste generation to the environment, specifically its contribution to climate change and water and air contamination. Government as well as its citizens is now hesitant in creating new landfills and incineration facilities for fear of ground water contagion brought by toxic chemicals in industrial and electronic wastes. Municipal wastes are also swellin g at a fast rate as a result of higher incomes, increase use of durable materials and packaging. Definitely the pollution that wastes carries to the environment is imminent and the impact to environmental pressures from household will probably build up in the following two decades (OECDa 82-83). Nevertheless, the issue of recycling or going green has been widely encouraged, from reusing glass and plastic bottles to utilizing old as cleaning materials in the house. In order to minimize trash, people are taught to reprocess, reuse, reutilize and recondition materials that can beneficial in saving the environment from pollutants. In 2005, household waste alone generated over 75% of municipal waste in key countries like Korea, Germany, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Slovak Republic, Luxembourg, Denmark and Spain. Each household with one person accumulates two bags of mixed trash every week while households with three persons accrue an average of 3.2 bags. To a ddress the situation, local government units created policies that will lessen waste generation such as imposing fees based on volume of garbage and minimizing the frequency of collection. Studies show that households tend to lessen waste generation by 7.11% upon the implementation of volume-based fees. On the other hand, it has been observed that mixed waste generation decreases as the frequency of garbage collection also decreases. However, the figures gathered from these policies are not significant; consequently the need for recycling is also essential to resolve the issue (Ferrara and Missios 223-230). According to the Organisation of Economic Co-Operation and Development, Household consumption patterns and behavior have a profound effect on stocks of natural resources and the quality of the environment. As a consequence, governments have introduced a wide variety to encourage people to take environmental impacts into account in their purchases and practices. Recent initiatives include the phasing out of incandescent light bulbs, the introduction of energy performance labels for homes, and the provision of tax incentives to purchase alternative-fuelled vehicles (OECDa 15). In addition, the high volume of litter generated by the industrial sector is a huge concern for environmentalists. According to environmental policy analyst Linda Luther (1), the by-product

Religion #4 African American Spirituals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion #4 African American Spirituals - Essay Example The religious life included ring shouts spirituals and chanted sermons. The spirituals in particular resemble an amalgam of evangelical hymns, black traditional songs and black southern folk music. As the spirituals can not be attributed to any specific author, they represent the communal voice of the slaves who trust their faith in God. The call-and-response pattern followed in the spirituals, speaks that there is a dialogue between them and God. This indicates their innermost hopes for spiritual as well as physical freedom. The interpretational meaning of the spirituals is a decoded message for freedom from slavery. The author provides several examples to prove his argument, showing the Biblical connotations that most of the spirituals have. With the spirituals the African Americans are looking for awakening, to keep the faith both in God and in their hopes for freedom at last. In the article Harvey has listed several spirituals, illustrating the direct relationship between the slave who is singing and God. In the example of spirituals a double meaning can be felt. The word â€Å"home† can be interpreted as safe place, however it may also mean â€Å"Heaven†. He aven is the place where everyone is free, thus the meanings of the spirituals is converted to reinforce the dream for a free country. The African American spirituals can be related to other humanitarian course materials such as anthropological, ethnographical and sociological. The emergence of spiritual churches combines purely ethnographic description together with the song texts and other ritual, religious gestures. One of the general questions that anthropology seeks to answer is â€Å"Why people behave the way they do?† So we can relate this anthropological quest and why to explain why African Americans found shelter for their minds and souls in the spirituals. On another note, cultural anthropology studies the beliefs and cultural practices of people.

Globalisation has not reduced diversity in industrial relations Essay

Globalisation has not reduced diversity in industrial relations - Essay Example Thus there has been divergence in industrial relations in terms of labor market institutions and different approaches adopted by countries for structuring. All these facts help to support our argument that globalization has not reduced diversity in industrial relations. Globalization refers to only one connection system existing for the entire globe. Such a system can exist between commodity and capital markets and with respect to flow of information. With the emergence of globalization in the current period it can be termed as the global age (Cooper 2001). The era of globalization has allowed business houses to acquire investors from across borders and expand their businesses. Globalization has allowed countries to develop with spreading technologies and has helped to develop global capital markets (Blanpain 2009, 196). There has been internationalization of businesses mainly with promotion of international trade. But still it is found that globalization has not been that effective when it comes to industrial relations between Asian and Western countries. The strategies adopted for the industrialization and the role of the state has been different for both the type of countries. This has not let the two types of countries converge in terms of thei r industrial relations (De Silva n.d). The South Asian country, such as Malaysia, and the Western country of the United States can be cited as examples where globalization has not been able to reduce diversities that are concerned with industrial relations and has led to more divergence. The current paper tends to argue in favor of this issue through various findings and analysis. Globalization has invented and led to usage of technically advanced techniques for the countries, especially the developed countries. This has in fact led to more divergence between the developed Western countries and the

Minimalism development through to modern time Essay

Minimalism development through to modern time - Essay Example Tracing back in time, we can find the examples of the Minimalist theory being exercised as early as the 18th century. This was the time when Goethe built an Altar of Good Fortune that was constructed solely of a stone sphere and cube. It was in the 1920s that artists such as Malevich and Duchamp started to produce works in the Minimalist mood. However, the American advocates in the form of Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Ellsworth Kelly and Donald Judd did their best at reacting in a fast manner against the Abstract Expressionism in their respective bleak canvases, sculptures as well as installations from time to time. The Minimal Art has been concerned with a number of different movements like the Conceptual Art, which speaks for the manner in which the finished work has existed only as way to discuss the theory. Similarly, Pop Art is present there to form up a mixed fascination related with the impersonal ways and last but not the least, Land Art is available for one and all to see that fo cuses on the construction of simple shapes and figures. To put Minimal Art in the same perspective, the same has been quite successful at influencing the development of art in the 20th century in quite an enormous way. The Fluxus movement started out in New York in the 1960s which moved on further towards Europe and eventually to Japan. The Fluxus movement included a pretty fresh set of aesthetics that had already appeared in a number of different countries. That aesthetic encompasses a reductive gesturality.

Absence and Presence and the Disintegration of the Space-Time Essay

Absence and Presence and the Disintegration of the Space-Time Continuum in Kar Wais (2006) In the Mood for Love - Essay Example Absence and Presence and the Disintegration of the Space-Time Continuum in Kar Wai’s (2006) In the Mood for Love Kar Wai (2000) uses sound to demonstrate that the absence of the actual faces of the spouses engaged in the affair ironically highlights the presence of their affair and how it ruins their marriage. He does not show what these spouses look like at all, and instead, he uses sound to describe who they are as individuals and as spouses. As individuals, Mr. Chan and Mrs. Chow are always physically separated from their spouses. The first time that the audience sees Mrs. Chow is when she is running hastily across the stairs, while Mrs. Chan is walking on an opposite direction. The sounds of their footsteps sound hollow in the Byzantine stairway. These steps have the tone of loneliness in their singleness. Mrs. Chow is not with Mr. Chow, so there is already a foreshadowing that she will never be actually with her husband as a wife. Lee (2008) argued that invisibility on the film represents the presence of something else that is more important. She cites Brunette (2005) who talked about â₠¬Å"formidable absent preferences† (p.89) in the film and Brofen (1992) who said that the uncanny is shown as mobile because it is a â€Å"situation of undecidability†¦ the uncanny in some sense always involves the question of visibility/invisibility, presence to/absence from sight†.Sound is used to suggest the full meaning of the absence of characters in the film.

Human intellectual curiosity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Human intellectual curiosity - Essay Example Geography is also the study of the planetary variation of both natural and human phenomena on Earth. Study of Geography is as old as human history. It was systematically studied by the ancient Greeks, who also developed a philosophy of Geography. The most prominent of them were Thales, Eratosthenes, Aristotle, Strabo, and Ptolemy. The Romans also made contributions to Geography by doing the mapping of previously unknown lands. The Arabs also bequeathed in the progress of Geography during the Middle Ages. Human beings have always been involved in pondering over Nature. The real initial recorded achievements were those of the Greeks. Thales was the first philosopher whose mythology was used to explain the nature of the physical world. He introduced Geometry and was a prominent astronomer. He was also the first man who started the real process of pondering and predicting. Raphael Sanzio was the great painter and philosopher whose name is used for the famous "Raphael's The School of Athens". During those days of the 16th century, the meaning of the great old ages was being rediscovered and absorbed in Europe. His painting shows the constellation of great Greek philosophers in a beautiful way. The two great scholars, Plato and Aristotle, are present at the centre of his painting. Plato and Aristotle were two of the great Greek philosophers. ... , with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, "Look to the perfection of the heavens for Truth," while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying "Look around you as if you would know the Truth." Plato was also a good astronomer. He was among the first few great scientists who studied the sky with his limited resources and revealed many facts that are still relevant with some minor amendments. Meterorologica, 340 B.C. Aristotle's Meteorologica is considered to be the oldest study on meteorological subjects. The bulk of information proved incorrect according to modern research, but it was considered to be authority in those days up to recent years. The Greek philosophers developed their theories just by observation and mere intellectual pondering, but they never did any experiments to prove them. Yet their theories -while not quite correct- helped a great deal in the foundation of the modern scientific knowledge. For example, some theories and theorems by the great philosopher Pythagoras are still relevant. Plato was deeply interested in Pythagoreanism, even though he was reserved about him. He only mentioned him once by name in all his writings, and all we are told then is that he won the affections of his followers in an unusual degree by teaching them a "way of life," which was called Pythagorean. Aristotle also wrote a special treatise on the Pythagoreans, which has not come down to us, but som e of its quotations are found in later writers. These are of great value as they deal with the religious side of Pythagoreanism. Antikythera Mechanism. The level reached by the Greeks in Astronomy and Engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism. In 1901, divers working off the isle of Antikythera found the remains of a 2,000-years-old

Apush Outline Essay Example for Free

Apush Outline Essay The Bonds of Empire, 1660-1750 o Rebellion and War, 1660-1713 ? Before Restoration (1660), England made little attempt to weld colonies ? Royal Centralization, 1660-1688 †¢ Restoration monarchs disliked representative government †¢ Charles II rarely called parliament into session after 1674, and none after 1681 †¢ James II wanted to rule as absolute monarch o Meant he would never face an elected legislation †¢ These 2 kings had little sympathy for Am.   RI, and Plymouth into Dominion of New Eng. o 1688= NY and the Jerseys came in o Sir Edmund Andros became governor of Dominion of New Eng. ? The Glorious Revolution in England and America, 1688-1689 †¢ Charles II converted to Catholicism on deathbed †¢ Eng. olerated James’ conversion to Catholicism b/c his heirs (Mary and Anne) were Anglican †¢ Bloodless revolution of 1688=Glorious revolution o Created limited monarchy in Eng. ? Promised to summon parliament once a yr. , sign all its bills, and respect traditional civil liberties o William and Mary (now king and queen of eng. after they overthrew James) dismantled Dominion of New Eng. o NY rebelled with Leisler’s Rebellion ? The Enlightenment †¢ In 1750 the Enlightenment’s greatest contributions to Am. life still lay in the future. A quarter-century later, Anglo-Am. drew on the enlightenment’s revolutionary ideas as they declared their independence from Britain and created the foundations of a new nation †¢ It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. ? The Great Awakening †¢ In New England, the Great Awakening was influential among many Congregationalists †¢ In the Middle and Southern colonies, the Awakening was influential among Presbyterians and other dissenting Protestants. †¢ A time of increased religious activity. The revival began with Jonathan Edwards, a well-educated theologian and Congregationalist minister from Northampton, Massachusetts, who came from Puritan and Calvinist roots, but emphasized the importance and power of immediate, personal religious experience. †¢ Edwards’ sermons were powerful and attracted a large following. o Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, is his most famous sermon. †¢ The Methodist preacher George Whitefield, visiting from England, continued the movement, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a more dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone into his audiences.

Java-Whitepaper Essay Example for Free

Java-Whitepaper Essay This white paper compares C++/Qt with Java/AWT/Swing for developing large-scale, real-world software with graphical user interfaces. References are made to independent reports that examine various aspects of the two toolsets. 1 A Comparison of Qt and Java 1. What Do We Compare? When selecting an environment for a large software development project, there are many aspects that must be considered. The programming language is one of the most significant aspects, since its choice has considerable impact on what other options are available. For example, in a GUI development project, developers will need a GUI library that provides ready-made user interface components, for example, buttons and menus. Since the selection of the GUI library itself has a large impact on the development of a project, it is not uncommon for the GUI library to be chosen first, with the programming language being determined by the languages for which the library is available. Usually, there is only one language per library. Other software components like database access libraries or communication libraries must also be taken into consideration, but they rarely have such a strong impact on the overall design as the GUI libraries. In this white paper, the objective is to compare the C++/Qt environment with the Java/AWT/Swing environment. In order to do this in the most useful way, we will begin by comparing the programming languages involved, i. e. C++ and Java, and then compare the two GUI libraries, Qt for C++ and AWT/Swing for Java. 2. Comparing C++ and Java When discussing the various benefits and drawbacks of particular programming languages, the debate often degenerates into arguments that are based on personal experience and preference rather than any objective criteria. Personal preferences and experience should be taken into account when selecting a programming language for a project, but because it is subjective, it cannot be considered here. Instead we will look at issues such as programmer-efficiency, runtime-efficiency and memory-efficiency since these can be quantified and have been examined in scientifically conducted research, although we will also incorporate information based on the practical exerience of projects that have been implemented in our own company. 2. 1. Programmer-efficiency Programmer-efficiency describes how efficiently (i. e. how quickly and accurately) a programmer with a given degree of experience and knowledge can implement a certain set of requirements in a particular programming language, including debugging and project setup time. Since developer salaries are one of the primary cost factors for any programming project, programmer-efficiency greatly affects the 2 A Comparison of Qt and Java cost-efficiency of the project. To some extent, programmer-efficiency is also determined by the tools available. The main design goal of Java is increased programmer-efficiency compared to other general-purpose programming languages, rather than increased memory- or runtime-efficiency. Java has several features designed to make it more programmer-efficient. For example, unlike C++ (or C), the programmer does not have to explicitly free (give back) allocated memory resources to the operating system. Freeing unused memory (garbage collection) is handled automatically by the Java runtime system, at the expense of memory- and runtime-efficiency (see below). This liberates the programmer from the burden of keeping track of allocated memory, a tedious task that is a major cause of bugs. This feature alone should significantly increase the programmer-efficiency of Java programmers, compared to C++ (or C) programmers. Research shows that in practice, garbage collection and other Java features, do not have a major influence on the programmer-efficiency. One of the classic software estimation models, Barry Boehm’s CoCoMo1 predicts the cost and schedule of a software project using cost drivers which take into account variables like the general experience of a programmers, the experience with the programming language in question, the targeted reliability of the program, etc. Boehm writes that the amount of effort per source statement was highly independent of the language level. Other research, for example, A method of programming measurement and estimation by C. E. Walston and C. P. Felix of IBM2, points in the same direction. Both the reports cited here pre-date the advent of Java by many years, although they seem to reveal a general principle that the sophistication of a general-purpose programming language has, compared with other aspects, like the experience of the developers, no significant influence on the overall project costs. There is more recent research that explicitly includes Java and which supports this hypothesis. In An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl3, Lutz Prechelt of the University of Karlsruhe, describes an experiment he conducted in which computer science students were assigned a particular design and development task and asked to implement the specification provided in any of the languages C, C++, or Java which they could freely choose according to their personal preferences (the other languages were examined in a different part of the research project). The data gathered shows almost the same results for C++ and Java (with C running third in most aspects). This is also backed up by our own experience: if programmers can choose their favorite programming language (which is usually the one they have most experience of), programmers with the same level of experience (measured for example, in years of programming experience in general) achieve about the same programmer-efficiency. Another interesting aspect that we noted (but which is not yet supported by any formal 3 A Comparison of Qt and Java research) is that less experienced developers seem to achieve somewhat better results with Java, medium-experienced developers achieve about the same results with both programming languages, nd experienced developers achieve better results with C++. These findings could be due to better tools being available for C++; nevertheless this is an aspect that must be taken into account. An interesting way to quantify programmer-efficiency is the Function Point method developed by Capers Jones. Function points are a software metric that only depend on the functionality, not on the implementation. Working from the function points, it is possible to compute the lines of code needed per function point as well as the language level which describes how many function points can be implemented in a certain amount of time. Intriguingly, both the values for the lines of code per function point and the language level are identical for C++ and Java (6 for the language level, compared with C’s 3. 5 and Tcl’s 5, and 53 for the lines of code per function point, compared with C’s 91 and Tcl’s 64). In conclusion: both research and practice contradict the claim that Java programmers achieve a higher programmer-efficiency than C++ programmers. 2. 2. Runtime-efficiency We have seen that Java’s programmer-efficiency appears to be illusory. We will now examine its runtime efficiency. Again, Prechelt provides useful data. The amount of data he provides is huge, but he arrives at the conclusion that a Java program must be expected to run at least 1. 22 times as long as a C/C++ program. Note that he says at least; the average runtime of Java programs is even longer. Our own experience shows that Java programs tend to run about 2-3 times as long than their equivalent C/C++ programs for the same task. Not surprisingly, Java loses even more ground when the tasks are CPU-bound. When it comes to programs with a graphical user interface, the increased latency of Java programs is worse than the runtime performance hit. Usability studies show that users do not care about whether a long running task takes, say, two or three minutes, but they do care when a program does not show an immediate reaction to their interaction, for example when they press a button. These studies show that the limit of what a user accepts before they consider a program to be unresponsive can be as little as 0. 7 seconds. Well return to this issue when we compare graphical user interfaces in Java and C++ programs. An explanation about why Java programs are slower than C++ is in order. C++ programs are compiled by the C++ compiler into a binary format that can be executed directly by the CPU; the whole program execution thus takes place in 4 A Comparison of Qt and Java hardware. (This is an oversimplification since most modern CPUs execute microcode, but this does not affect the issues discussed here. ) On the other hand, the Java compiler compiles the source code into bytecode which is not executed directly by the CPU, but rather by another piece of software, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM in turn, runs on the CPU. The execution of the bytecode of a Java program does not take place in (fast) hardware, but instead in (much slower) software emulation. Work has been undertaken to develop Just in Time (JIT) compilers to address Java’s runtime efficiency problem, but no universal solution has yet emerged. It is the semi-interpreted nature of Java programs that makes the compile once, run anywhere approach of Java possible in the first place. Once a Java program is compiled into bytecode, it can be executed on any platform which has a JVM. In practice, this is not always the case, because of implementation differences in different JVMs, and because of the necessity to sometimes use native, non-Java code, usually written in C or C++, together with Java programs. But is the use of platform-independent bytecode the right approach for crossplatform applications? With a good cross-platform toolkit like Qt and good compilers on the various platforms, programmers can achieve almost the same by compiling their source code once for each platform: write once, compile everywhere. It can be argued that for this to work, developers need access to all the platforms they want to support, while with Java, in theory at least, developers only need access to one platform running the Java development tools and a JVM. In practice, no responsible software manufacturer will ever certify their software for a platform the software hasnt been tested on, so they would still need access to all the relevant platforms. The question arises why it should be necessary to run the Java Virtual Machine in software; if a program can be implemented in software, it should also be possible to have hardware implement the same unctionality. This is what the Java designers had in mind when they developed the language; they assumed that the performance penalty would disappear as soon as Java CPUs that implement the JVM in hardware would become available. But after five years, such Java CPUs have not become generally available. Java automatically de-allocates (frees) unused memory. The programmer allocates memory, and the JVM keeps track of all the allocated memory blocks and the references to them. As soon as a memory block is no longer referenced, it can be reclaimed. This is done in a process called garbage collection in which the JVM periodically checks all the allocated memory blocks, and removes any which are no longer referred to. Garbage collection is very convenient, but the trade offs are greater memory consumption and slower runtime speed.. With C++, the programmer can (and should) delete blocks of memory as soon as they are no longer required. With Java, blocks are not deleted until the next garbage collection run, and this depends on the implementation on the JVM being used. Prechtelt provides figures which state that on average ( ) and with a confidence of 80%, the Java programs consume at least 32 MB (or 297%) more memory than the C/C++ programs ( ). In addition to the higher memory requirements, the garbage collection process itself requires processing power which is consequently not available to the actual application functionality, leading to slower overall runtimes. Since the garbage collector runs periodically, it can occasionally lead to Java programs freezing for a few seconds. The best JVM implementations keep the occurrence of such freezes to a minimum, but the freezes have not been eliminated entirely. When dealing with external programs and devices, for example, during I/O or when interacting with a database, it is usually desirable to close the file or database connection as soon as it is no longer required. Using C++’s destructors, this happens as soon as the programmer calls delete. In Java, closing may not occur until the next garbage collecting sweep, which at best may tie up resources unnecessarily, and at worst risks the open resources ending up in an inconsistent state. The fact that Java programs keep memory blocks around longer than is strictly necessary is especially problematic for embedded devices where memory is often at a premium. It is no coincidence that there is (at the time of writing) no complete implementation of the Java platform for embedded devices, only partial implementations that implement a subset. The main reason why garbage collection is more expensive than explicit memory management by the programmer is that with the Java scheme, information is lost. In a C++ program, the programmer knows both where their memory blocks are (by storing pointers to them) and knows when they are not needed any longer. In a Java 6 A Comparison of Qt and Java program, the latter information is not available to the JVM (even though it is known to the programmer), and thus the JVM has to manually find unreferenced blocks. A Java programmer can make use of their knowledge of when a memory block is not needed any longer by deleting all references that are still around and triggering garbage collection manually, but this requires as much effort on the part of the programmer as with the explicit memory management in C++, and still the JVM has to look at each block during garbage collection to determine which ones are no longer used. Technically, there is nothing that prevents the implementation and use of garbage collection in C++ programs, and there are commercial programs and libraries available that offer this. But because of the disadvantages mentioned above, few C++ programmers make use of this. The Qt toolkit takes a more efficient approach to easing the memory management task for its programmers: when an object is deleted, all dependant objects are automatically deleted too. Qt’s approach does not interfere with the programmer’s freedom to delete manually when they wish to. Because manual memory management burdens programmers, C and C++ have been accused of being prone to generate unstable, bug-ridden software. Although the danger of producing memory corruption (which typically leads to program crashes) is certainly higher with C and C++, good education, tools and experience can greatly reduce the risks. Memory management can be learned like anything else, and there are a large number of tools available, both commercial and open source, that help programmers ensure that there are no memory errors in the program; for example, Insure++ by Parasoft, Purify by Rational and the open source Electric Fence. C++s flexible memory management system also makes it possible to write custom memory profilers that are adapted to whichever type of application a programmer writes. To sum up this discussion, we have found C++ to provide much better runtime- and memory-efficiency than Java, while having comparable programmer-efficiency. 2. 4. Available libraries and tools The Java platform includes an impressive number of packages that provide hundreds of classes for all kinds of purposes, including graphical user interfaces, security, networking and other tasks. This is certainly an advantage of the Java platform. For each package available on the Java platform, there is at least one corresponding library for C++, although it can be difficult to assemble the various libraries that would be needed for a C++ project and make them all work together correctly. However, this strength of Java is also one of its weaknesses. It becomes increasingly difficult for the individual programmer to find their way through the huge APIs. For any given task, you can be almost certain that somewhere, there is 7 A Comparison of Qt and Java functionality that would accomplish the task or at least help with its implementation. But it can be very difficult to find the right package and the right class. Also, with an increasing number of packages, the size of the Java platform has increased considerably. This has led to subsets e. g. , for embedded systems, but with a subset, the advantage of having everything readily available disappears. As an aside, the size of the Java platform makes it almost impossible for smaller manufacturers to ship a Java system independent from Sun Microsystems, Java’s inventor, and this reduces competition. If Java has an advantage on the side of available libraries, C++ clearly has an advantage when it comes to available tools. Because of the considerable maturity of the C and C++ family of languages, many tools for all aspects of application development have been developed, including: design, debugging, and profiling tools. While there are Java tools appearing all the time, they seldom measure up to their C++ counterparts. This is often even the case with tools with the same functionality coming from the same manufacturer; compare, for example, Rational’s Quantify, a profiler for Java and for C/C++. The most important tool any developer of a compiled language uses, is still the compiler. C++ has the advantage of having compilers that are clearly superior in execution speed. In order to be able to ship their compilers (and other tools) on various platforms, vendors tend to implement their Java tools in Java itself, with all the aforementioned memory and efficiency problems. There are a few Java compilers written in a native language like C (for example, IBM’s Jikes), but these are the exception, and seldom used. 3. Comparing AWT/Swing and Qt So far, we have compared the programming language Java and the programming language C++. But as we discussed at the beginning of this article, the programming language is only one of the aspects to consider in GUI development. We will now compare the packages for GUI development that are shipped with Java, i. e. AWT and Swing, with the cross-platform GUI toolkit, Qt, from the Norwegian supplier, Trolltech. We have confined the comparision on the C++ side to the Qt GUI toolkit, since unlike MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and similar toolkits, This seems to contradict Java’s cross-platform philosophy and may be due to the the initial AWT version being reputedly developed in under fourteen days. Because of these and a number of other problems with the AWT, it has since been augmented by the Swing toolkit. Swing relies on the AWT (and consequently on the native libraries) only for very basic things like creating rectangular windows, handling events and executing primitive drawing operations. Everything else is handled within Swing, including all the drawing of the GUI components. This does away with the problem of applications looking and behaving differently on different platforms. Unfortunately, because Swing is mostly implemented in Java itself, it lacks efficiency. As a result, Swing programs are not only slow when performing computations, but also when drawing and handling the user interface, leading to poor responsiveness. As mentioned earlier, poor responsiveness is one of the things that users are least willing to tolerate in a GUI application. On today’s standard commodity hardware, it is not unusual to be able to watch how a Swing button is redrawn when the mouse is pressed over it. While this situation will surely improve with faster hardware, this does not address the fundamental problem that complex user interfaces developed with Swing are inherently slow. The Qt toolkit follows a similar approach; like Swing, it only relies on the native libraries only for very basic things and handles the drawing of GUI components itself. This brings Qt the same advantages as Swing (for example, applications look and behave the same on different platforms), but since Qt is entirely implemented in C++ and thus compiled to native code; it does not have Swing’s efficiency problems. User interfaces written with Qt are typically very fast; because of Qts smart use of caching techniques, they are sometimes even faster than comparable programs written using only the native libraries. Theoretically, an optimal native program should always be at least as fast as an equivalent optimal Qt program; however, making a native program optimal is much more difficult and requires more programming skills than making a Qt program optimal. Both Qt and Swing employ a styling technique that lets programs display in any one of a number of styles, independent of the platform they are running on. This is possible because both Qt and Swing handle the drawing themselves and can draw GUI elements in whichever style is desired. Qt even ships with a style that emulates the default look-and-feel in Swing programs, along with styles that emulate the 9 A Comparison of Qt and Java Win32 look-and-feel, the Motif look-and-feel, and—in the Macintosh version— the MacOS X Aqua style. 3. 2. Programming Paradigms In Qt and Swing While programming APIs to some extent are a matter of the programmers personal taste, there are some APIs that lend themselves to simple, short, and elegant application code far more readily than others.

Career Planning in Human Resource Management

Career Planning in Human Resource Management Untill recently talents or employees can join an organization with the expectation of staying there for their entire career, now life long careers are a thing of the past. Employees lacking worldly experience and understanding still believe that they are immune to the ongoing reductions because they are doing a good work and adding value to the organization. However rapid technological change, increasing completion, relentless restructuring and downsizing mean that high performance no longer protects the employees form the termination or dismissal. People increasingly will move from one opportunity to another opportunity without regard to the traditional job boundaries. Realistic career planning forces employees to foresee problems and opportunity and to be proactive. Career planning and development involves two process of career planning and career management. Career management is integral to Human Resources planning. But Human Resources planning and career management do not exist or are not integrated in some organization. Career planning and development should be seen as a process that aligns the skills and interets of the employees with the need of the organization. This means that career must be strategically managed so the skills that are demanded by the organization strategic business objectives are understood and a workforce with a matching profile of skills is developed. Career planning and development play an important role in ensuring that the organization has a knowledgeable workforce together with a competitive advantage. Human Resources planning and career planning and development The important reasons why organisation and employees are paying more attention to career planning is because there are EEO legislation and AA pressures,employees educational level and aspirations are rising, employees are more concern about their quality of life, employees are transiting from vertical careers to lateral careers and a global talent war is created by the shortage of skilled workers. Components of Career planning http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8714685/Career-Planning-1 The Goal: Matching individual and Organization needs A career development program should be viewed as a dynamic process that matches the needs of the needs of the orgazation with needs of employees. Employees responsibility Each and every employee should be concerned about his her own career planning and development, but many employees ignore this , preferring it to leave it to the organisation.By adopting such a passive stance employees give up their future career by limiting their future employability.This reduces the employees chances of achieving their career goals.Therefore employees has to take initiate in finding such oppurtunities and ways for career planning and development. Though some of the organisation provide in house traning and develop, this is often provided for the purpose of the organisations needs and not for the needs of the individual employees.Individula career planning menas that employee him/herself should find his/her own vocational interests,weakness present skills, ability levels and finally the career goal. The Organizational role http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/shengvn-65920-session-8-career-development-education-ppt VERY IMPORTANT Effective and proactive HR manger will recognize the importance of the career planning and development and will satisfy the organizational and employees needs.If the HR department is fully awrae of the organisation HR needs,career chances and traning and development oppurtunities than the HR department is well placed to promote career planning amoung employees ORGANIZATIONS NEEDS Strategic Operational Current competencies Employee turnover Future competencies Absenteeism Market changes Talent pool Mergers, etc Outsourcing Joint ventures Productivity Innovation Growth Downsizing Restructuring INDIVIDUAL NEEDS Personal Professional Age/tenure Career stage Family concerns Education and training Spouse employment   Promotion aspirations Mobility Performance Outside interest Potential Current career path CAREER MANAGEMENT What is career development? Career development is which an individual takes personal improvements which he/she undertakes to achieve a personal career plan.Career development is also important for the organisation to create and maintain a continuos learning environment. Factors in career development For a successful career development and growth include the following important factors. Exposure: if the employee wants to succed, the employee has to become known to the top or the senior management.Employees can be known to the senior management through performing superior work performance, giving presentations, report writing, taking initiate in and involveing organizations special events in organisng and arranging them in addition individually involveling company training and development programmes and social events. Performance: Employees who perform the job up to the management expectation will be well recognized by the department heads and the senior management, but employees who performa badly will also be rescognised but for the career development oppurtunities are less likely to be offred to them. Qualification: Strong correlation exsists between graduate earnings and the experience and the konledge that they have. Employer reputation: Some organisation have an strong reputation that is well known around the globe as breeding ground for high potential employees.Therefore employees getting a job in these companies will be an important factor for a successful career and for a long term employability. Mentor: Successful managers will have a mentor or a sponsor who helps advance their career by offering advice, providing instructions and opening career oppurtunities. Benefits of Menotoring Mentoring provides the structure for the groeth and development of all employees within an organisation. Mentoring plays an important role in motivating the employees and improves the employees job satisfaction. Mentoring also helps to impress the corporate values of the organisation. Mentoring also helps to avoid discrimination over women by helping them to overcome the gender related barriers to advancement. Helps companies and organisation to encourage and capitalize on diversity by identifying talents. Women sometimes find them excluded from mentoring, this is because mentoring is repetadly or frequently based on personal relationships that is built outside the working hours. Development: Rapid expansion of skills and knowledge makes the employee more valuable, where the employee will be more attracted and appreciated by the management. Language skills: The internationalization of business and the development of global business, business organisations seeks employees that not only speak English fluently but competency in a second language, and the more languge the employee know the more the better. Networking: It is extremely important for the employee to maintain or build a network of contacts with the people who are likely to be useful for the his/her career devellopement. Goal setting: A succeseeful career planners are extremely self motivated.The have pre identified what goels they need to achieve and what they have to do to reach and achieve it. Computer skills: Computer literacy is an important skill, having that far better than other l is a competitive advantage amoung other employees.Intodays world high skilled employees must be technology capable. Fainacial planning skills: To savvy employees understand that there is no life long employement gurantees. Apperance: Apperaence plays an important role in compensation and career success. Factors involved in career development system Needs In this step it defines the present system.It involves conducting a needs assessment as in a training programmes. It estabilhes roles and responsibilities of all employees and the organization.By identifying the needs it helps to establish, the target groups,mission or philosophy of the programe,cultural parameters, determine organisation receptivity and commitment and support for the career development. Vision The career system need to have a relation with the intervention. The vision creates a longterm philosophy. Design intervention for the organization, its employees and managers. Organize and make nessecary career information that is required to support the programme. Establish the objectives of the programme. Action plan To achieve the vision an action plan must be developed.And also the top management support is nessecarily important. Create a survey programme Establish a consultancy or advisory group. Asses resources and competencies. Involving the advisory group in the programme design, implementation, and for the evaluation and monitoring. Results Identifying Career Opportunities and Requirements Begin with competency analysis It is important for any organisation to learn its jobs carefully in order to identify and assign weights to the knowledge and skills each one requires.This can be achived with job analysis and evaluation systems such as those used in compensation programs.The system used at sears measures three basic competencies for each job, such as the know-how, problem solving and accountability.Know how is divided in to three respective categories of knowledge: technical, managerial and human relations.Problem solving and accountability also have different types of dimensions.The scores of each of the above competencies are assigned to each job and total value is accumulated for each job. Identifying Job Progressions Once the skill demands of jobs are identified and weighted according to their improvement , it than possible to to plan job progressions. Employees without any experience (new employees) will typicall assign a starting job. When the employee get experience from the current job, than the new employee can be promoted to a post that requires more knowledge and skill. most organization concentrate on developing job progression for managerial, professional and technical jobs.But these organizations also can develop job progression to types of jobs.When job progressions are develop it serve as a baisi for developing the career paths of the individual employees. Organisation can also make informative and attractive brouchers providing information in regarding the career paths that are available in the organisation for the employees. Recognize lots of possibilities Career development and planning systems were once primaly focused on promotions and advancement. However in todyas ever changing business ennviroment and the flatter o organizations and employees career development can occur in several different ways, which includes transfer to a from one place to another, demotion due to lack of competence and experience and job promotion to a better position or to a senior position within the organization. To provide the above possibilities HR policies have to be flexible enough to adapt and willing to help to support the career change. Promotion Promotion is the change from the current position to a position that is high level within the organisation assigned with more responsibilities. The position that was promoted provides the employee lots of benefits based on the responsibilities; it increases the pay, RR etc.The three principal criteria for determimg promotions are merit, seniority and potential. Transfer A transfer is the placement of an employement of an employee in another job for which the duties,responsibilities, status and renumerations are approximately equal to those of the previous job.A transfer can provide an individual to prepre for an eventual promotion.Trasfers make the path way for the employees to aquire more knowledge by tranfering from one organisation to another, to a different group, transferring to aboard or work shift.A transfer can also be a demotion, which the employee moves to a low level postion from the current position that can provide development oppurtunities. Relocation Services Relocation services include a range of internal business process that the HR department engage to transfer the employee, employees famility or the entire department to new work location.Relocation also include help in moving, selling a home, learning a new culture etc. Outplacement Outplacement is type counseling that is given help the employees that are terminated to locate or find a new career.The consultation provided by the consultant vary but it includes, career evaluation, termination procedures , phycological appraisals, interview traning preparing resumes, certain techniques to search for jobs etc. Dual Careers As more women are entering the workforce HR managers has to develop specific policies and programmes for accomodationg the dual career aspirations of employees and their spouces.HR mangers has to particularly pay attention to the implications of an employed spouse when providing career counseling to an employee.Dual career couples need to be flexible , to be mutually committed to both careers to adopt coping mechanisums to develop the skills of career planning.Therefore inturn organisation can provide flexible work schedules, effective career management, counseling, child care support etc. Career plateau Career plateau menas that high points in ones career where the probability and the motivation is minimal.When this happens the employees finds it difficult or trapped which it unables to achieve further advancement.If an employee is avoide plateauing it is difficult for the employee to get adapated and develop in the face of change or transition. Intodays business environment employees are now reaching pletaues earlier than before, it is extremely important for the organizations and individuals today to prepare to cope with the phenomenon successfully.and most importantly when there is sign of impending plateuea are observed. Significant decline in the competiveness is less if the organisation accept responsibility for employee development and if the employees are willing to invest time for their development. Work family conflict Work family conflict is commonly exsisting isn dual-income family and single parent family.People today are facing problem in identifying the deffrence or what is meant bu success and how to balance work and family.Specially for women it is difficult to balance the work and family responsibilities because the job demand competes with the traditional family demand being the mother, wife etc.Other than women, men also face the same problem if they place the family first, therefore they have to face lots of problem with their co-workers and with the company. http://www.scribd.com/doc/18002097/Career-Planning-and-Development What is career management? Career management is the process of designing and implementing goals, plans and strategies to enable the organization to fulfill the employee needs which this allows the individual employees to achieve their career goals. It is also the process whereby the employee indentify their own interest values and their own weakness and strengths And also the individuals establish action plans to achieve their career goals. .In todays global world each and every organization felt the need of career planning and development. The reason why career management is important because if the organization fails to motivate their employees to plan their career, the organization will face the following issues, such as loss or shortage of employees to fill the vacant positions, commitment by the employees become lower and high training cost. The career management process includes: Self assesement: employees determine the values, interests,aptitudes and dehaviroual tendencies.The self assessment is uaully involves phsycological tests. Reality check: Using the available information employees identify how the organisation or the company evaluate their skills and knowledge and where they fit in the companys plan. Goal setting: in this process employees establish and develope longterm and short term onjectives. Action plan: After the individual establish his/her goal, the individual developes an actional plan determimg how they will achieve their short and long term career goals. Employee role in career mangement The employees individually has to initiative to ask for feedback from managers and peers in regarding their skill in the work place and their strengths and weaknesses. This will help the individual employees to further improve their performance where improvements is needed. The employees have to seek challenges by gaining exposure to a range of learning opportunities. The employee has to Interact with employees from different work groups and organizations inside and outside the company environment. The employees has to create visibility through good performance skills HR managers role in career management The HR manager to provide relevant information to the employees in regarding the training and development opportunities that are available in the organization. The HR manager has to help the employees for to search for jobs. The HR manger is responsible to provide counseling services to the employees who have career related problems. Organization role in Career mangement Oraganizations or companies are responsible to provide nessecary resources needed by the employees for their career planning. Career planning workshops Workshops offer similar experiences that are provided in the workbooks.Comparing to workbooks, workshop has several advantages to employees, such as the employees has the chance to dicuss their ideas, concerns, attitudes and plans with others in similar situations.Diffrent workshops has different focus. Some workshops focus on the employees current job performance and development plans.And some focus on broader life and career plans and values.Career workshops assit the employees to learn how to make decisions, find career planning information, set career goals and bbuild confidence and self esteem within the employees. Career planning workbooks These workbooks are prepared by the organization to guide their employees through systematic self estemm of values,abilities, personal development plans and interests. Career couselling Career counseling is usually done by HR department. Career counseling involves talking with employees with their personal interests and goals, about their current job activities, their personal skills and career development objectives.In some organization career conselling is done annually and partially.Career counseling is usually  voluntary.

Billions and Billions :: Economics Economy Reproduction Essays

Billions and Billions Go to Hiroshima of the Frogs It was announced recently that the 6 billionth person was born into the world. The numbers of people born within this past century, are staggering. There have been more people born during this century than any previous one. How much suffering would there be if the Great Depression of the 1930's happened in today's world with so many people vulnerable to famine and starvation? Would the governments be able to provide for all of these people? It is disturbing to note that the earth has such a large population. How many people is too many people? If we look at the animal kingdom, species prey on other species, and populations remain fairly the same unless man has tipped the balance one way or another through industrialization or hunting. Man's presence in the environment seems to have no fail safe device for the overpopulation of people, however. Will we keep breeding and breeding until the capacity of the earth is full? Will there will be enough water and food ? Conditions may become m uch worse than during the the Great Depression. People need to stop having too many children. But how can we deprive someone of their right to reproduce? Natural occurrences such as drought, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanoes take a large number of lives. Yet mankind is getting better and better at predicting these events and saving many lives. There are earthquake proof buildings, shelters from hurricanes and Doppler radar to predict floods, tornadoes and hosts of other conditions. Sickness and disease used to be another way Mother Nature kept populations in balance. In today's modern world, we have vaccines, hurricanes and Doppler radar to predict floods, tornadoes and hosts of other conditions. Sickness and disease used to be another way Mother Nature kept populations in balance. In today's modern world, we have vaccines and drugs. People today live nearly twice as long as they did in the beginning of the century. Mankind and its pursuit of progress has surpassed Mother Nature as controller of the planet's destiny. We have an awesome responsibility in today's modern world just to figure out how many people is too many people an d what the capacity of our planet is. Perhaps, subconsciously, our collective brain has determined a way for our populations to remain just below the critical level. We may be taking lessons from the whales.

Summer at the Cabin :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Summer at the Cabin The cabin was built in the 1950's when my Great Grandpa rode up there, and it looks like not many repairs have been made since that time. The cabin is about 15 feet by 20 feet, and is made out of pine logs. There are places where you can see between the logs because the chinking is falling out. The cabin faces to the east. It has a small porch that was made by leaving the first four logs of the cabin about six feet longer than the rest. There is a small set of corrals in front of the cabin. There is an old shed to the north of the cabin, and the outhouse is behind it. The porch has a hole in it where a horse stepped through it when someone forgot to put the chain across the doorway. In the rafters hang old horseshoes that we tack on when one of our horses loses a shoe. Half the porch is cluttered with tools, shovels jacks, chains, shoeing equipment and an axe. The other half is full of firewood. The only electric thing in the cabin is the phone. Propane or wood runs everything else. There is only one propane light in the cabin. To light the rest we use Coleman lanterns. There isn't any running water in the cabin so we have to haul water. The floor to the cabin is made out of scrap lumber. It used to be rough, but has been worn smooth with time. There are places where it has rotted out and has been patched. There are also places that have been burned by sparks from the two stoves, and people spilling the ashes. Inside the cabin, behind the door, is a long bench we stack pop, canned stew, and many other things on. In the corner is the dog food, which we keep inside so the squirrels and birds don't get it. However that doesn't stop the mice. At night you can hear them run across the floor and into the sack. We trapped mice for three weeks before we stopped hearing them at night. A large hand made table is pushed against the left wall of the cabin. This is where we eat and play cards. I also sleep under the table at night because it is the only open space. At each end of the table is a homemade chair, and for the length of the table is an old bench.

Attitudes towards initial tourism development with no prior tourism exp

This essay is trying to critically analyse the journal article written by A Lepp (2008) entitled ‘Attitudes towards initial tourism development with no prior tourism experience: the case of Bigodi, Uganda’. The journal use qualitative method to assess the resident’s attitudes towards the start up of tourism programs in a rural village in Uganda. Due to the geographical isolation they couldn’t establish any tourism attractions prior to the 1990’s. But in 1991 the country initiated to introduce some tourism projects and eventually it formulated year by year. And this study is conducted on the basis of the interview taken in the residents of Bigodi in 2003. So the study proves that the signs of initial tourism created anxiety, suspicion and fear to the local people who experience it as an entirely new concept. The journal article gives a brief idea about the general attitudes about developing tourism concepts to an undeveloped country. The article starts with the usual style introduction and rationale for the study. Then the literature review begin with the theory of Doxey (1976) who introduce the Irridex model which suggest that the residents attitudes towards the tourism development will pass through the different stages including ‘ Euphoria’, ‘Apathy’, ‘Irritation’ and ‘ ‘Antagonism’(Wang, 2006 p: 412). He supports Harril (2004) who says that there is not enough study conducted on the proposed tourism to find the residents attitudes. Instead of that the researches are takes place on the established tourisms. Keogh(1990), Jhonson et.al (1994), Hernandez et. Al (1996) and Cheyne (2000) are shown as the literatures rose about the attitudes of residents towards the future tourism operations and they all listed certain positive a... ...and Environmental Development) the attitudes of bigodi residents were started to change. Because their involvement colud aware about the benefits which they can by the implementation of tourism in their village. If local needs are need to be met, sustainable tourism requires the participation of local communities. Conversely, residents that are poorly informed, marginalised or alienated from decisions making are likely to respond within hospitable attitudes toward current and future tourism developments (Butcher, 1997). Visitors need to feel welcomed at a destination. Destinations that fail to provide this genuine hospitality are at a disadvantage to those that do. Hospitality represents the social capital associated with a destination, and while it is relatively intangible it plays a significant role in the sustainability of tourism initiatives.

Education and Social Class Differences

What is the role of women in the story of Persepolis? Compare and contrast the various women in some detail using at least three examples: you might include Marji, her mother, her grandmother, her school teachers, the maid, the neighbors, or the guardians of the revolution. In the story of Persepolis, each female character had a designated role that they could not escape from. Marji's role was to show the reader how the Iranian Revolution truely affected her life.An example of this was when the government made it mandatory for all women to wear veils. Marji did not have a choice in the matter because she was young and had to abide by her parent's requests, but more so when she had to wear the veil to school and was stopped by the guardians of the revolution. Marji's mother's role was to support Marji and be there for her to express what she was feeling. However, her mother also had to make sure she was well off in her endevours.Her mother was much more direct and stern with Marji as compared to her grandmother. Her grandmother's role was also to support Marji, but she also tried to calm Marji by giving her words of wisdom, which included a slight insight to what has occurred in the past and some events that were once hidden from her. The maid in the household did not attempt to take on any of the roles of the females because her primary role to the reader was to show us the social class differences that existed within that society.She was nothing more than a maid who must know her place. The school teacher's role was held higher than that of the maid's role. The school teacher was there to educate all of the students, but part of this education was to ensure that all of the female students that were attending would wear their veils at all times because if they did not, the guardians of the revolution would have them arrested.

DQ Patho

It is important to know what medications the uncomplaining of is on and has been taking, what risk factors she has, and what other medical exam conditions she may be battling. The labs show an heroic white downslope cell look with a high interruption take aim both Of which ar indicators Of a salutary transmittal. The pain culture shows a figurehead of Staphylococcus erasures which could be the culprit of the infection to the wound. She is a resembling a diabetic who is lowering and of a short stature. I would at bring out place Ms.G on a bighearted spectrum IV antibiotic for the cellulite and the open wound. jazzy call to order a Doppler domain to be done to rule come out a DTV because she has been immobile for as umpteen as three days and in that respect is a signifi whoremongert difference among the sizes of her calves. I would order pain medication, antipathetic, and insentient packs to suffer comfort for the patient. I would right away produce a wound foreboding nurse assist in the manage and documentation of the wound and to sponsor give up education to the patient on how to business organization for the patient.Blood sugars should be checked and a hemoglobin IAC should be draw to see how yielding of a diabetic Ms. G is. A diabetic educator should be consulted to dish out educate the patient on a prissy provender, how to test her blood sugars, and how to proper use insulin if it is determined that is needed. I would as well contact the case manager to help the patient set up house health visits because depending on the wound she could go home with drains, special dressings or perchance a wound Vic. I would in like manner assess the patients living conditions. Loud also take the time to educate the patient on the importance of exercise, a fitter diet, weight loss techniques, and the importance of a healthier lifestyle. . Identify the muscle groups app atomic number 18nt to be affected by Ms. Gs condition. The musc les that are affected include the Fibular longs, the extensor digitized longs, the tabloids anterior, and the gastronomic coleus. 3. What is the signifi fag endce of the subjective and objective entropy provided with regard to follow up symptomatic/laboratory testing, education, and future counterative take?Provide rationale for your answer. Subjective development is the information that the patient reports concerning symptoms, previous treatments, medications used, and all other information the patient potbelly provide you while objective selective information is collected from the physical exam, lab results, diagnostic test, and other measurable data (Altered, Cornell, and Ernst, 2012). In our patients case follow up labs should be drawn to make sure that our interventions are failing appropriately.A CB with differential should be drawn to make sure the infection IS weaken and her WEB and interruption are travel back to normal. Continued blood sugars should be monitore d. Fasting and one hour postprandial should be completed and be hold within normal limits. Our patient should be improve on her Diabetes. She should understand that this illness process increases her susceptibility to infection and can cause any wound she receives to have some delayed healing.She should be educated on the importance of a heavy diabetic diet and keeping her blood sugars within normal limits. If she has never learn how to test herself, she should provide a take demonstration to either the nurse or the diabetic educator so she knows she is doing it properly. The patient should be provided with education regarding weight loss. She is round and of short stature. This increases the risks for decreased physical activity, commodities like diabetes, and can delay wound healing.She ask to be provided with not only information on a healthy diet but also programs that can provide her with meals if she is unable to cook for herself. Physical therapy competency also be an excellent idea for her to participate in. She could do nice neat stretching, swimming, or low impact work to help her become more dynamical and involved in her care. 4. What factors are present in this situation that could delay wound healing, ND what precautions are required to prevent delayed would healing?A diabetic patient can have impair vascular flow and forgetful perfusion which causes poor tissue oxygenation and this can delay healing. Hypoxia can amplify the early inflammatory response, prolonging trauma by increasing the levels of oxygen radicals (Guy & Dippiest, 2010). Diabetics are prone to hypoxia, enumerator, and decreased host resistant resistance. The patient is obese which means she has decreased vascular in adipose tissue, sputter folds that harbor micro-organisms, skin to skin friction, increase tissue reassure and venous hypertension.

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Theres insufficient confrontation of bias in the job place.Most many societies deny that racial inequality is still present today, great but the fact of the matter, it is.The term â€Å"race† is used to define a single human being. May it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, doctor logical and dental forms, college applications and one many other forms of documents, society is forced to check a black box that identifies them.The problem is the character of forecast itself.This began the racist revolutionary movement that we still see today. Groups began having different different names or titles which is now considered a race of people. Since the early sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the first European powers began taking over southern Africa where the ethnic first group Herrera’s resided.

It is not only a matter.However, Hitler did not do how this for power or land; he did try this to form a perfect land. He wanted sure everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping last over to America, slavery of theAfrican American race logical and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th nineteenth century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, America’s goal of this group how was not to exterminate them, but to common use them as work.Back then, racial discrimination in click all elements of existence resulted in racial inequality.This is due to those of different ethnic cultural backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates long shot up and police brutality rose start with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting many jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The â€Å" white† race began forcing the â€Å"blacks† to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus.

In the end, inequality isnt limited to instances of race.On comedy shows how there is often a â€Å"token† character.Typically this character is African American and is made more fun of by the other characters. These jokes are found to be funny and laughed at. The reality is how that the jokes made are racist.Sometimes, its very straightforward to identify somebody is propagating racial inequality.The biggest racial economic inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of stops made by police are of African American males. how There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of indo European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is how their first time and treated fairly.

Revenue inequality remains a large problem in the USA.Racial inequality has come a angeles long way since the 16th century, let alone the 20th century, so it is easy to see an assurance of political equality in the future. However, societies such as african American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. BibliographyFredrickson, George. â€Å" Racism, A Short History†.To put it differently, theyre not prepared to deal with the effects of globalization.† Birth Certificates logical and Unconscious Racism†. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston: Bedfords/St.

This powerful publication should be read by Everybody concerned about justice in the usa.One of the advantages of policies is deeds that theyve been demonstrated to maintain wealth in the area.People recognise diversity logical and move through it.Ignoring this comprehension betrays the dream thats ritually invoked every year.

Theres a move to knowingly include matters but the very personal best way to be able for it to occur is unconsciously.Since everybody can relate everybody can watch.Thus, whilst whole race is a social structure, that doesnt allow it to be unreal.The fact isnt so easy.

A Review on the Article: “A Good Way to Pick a Fight”

Charles L. Mee presented an nontraditional ceremonial occasion on how the cutting struggle began in his condition A devout delegacy to separate a crowd. Providing a compilation of series of events that may devour influenced the coruscation of the frigorific state of con draw, Mr. Mee gave a dissimilar visible horizon on wherefore the dust-c all overed fight seemed inevitable.Charles L. Mee presented overt his condition with round(prenominal) incidents from the leash various(prenominal) leadinghip that were colligate to the dust-covered state of fight electric chair enkindle Truman of the get together States of the States, primary parson Winston Churchill of ample Britain, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet coupler. He illustrated round of the program lines or accomplishmentions that the ternarysome leading had through with(p) that helped to scoop out the tatty fight.The occasion states that, strange what approximately of us bop tha t chairperson Truman started the frigorific War, altogether of the terzetto countries twisty in the insensate War do their various(prenominal) actions for the contend to continue.It is non whole prexy Truman who cute the fight exactly so as Churchill and Stalin. It fair(a) so happened that the linked States of America was the iodine to first gear swear the fight. The generator argued that the war is inevitable, that the received scratch vizor of the war was conceal in shock because tot bothy of the 3 sides be assay to be the unmatched to beat the upper berth pass on of starting the war.Indeed, in all ternion of them enlightenedd actions that were subsequent became the limn of descent of war. barely I hold that if entirely all three of them certain severally separates agreements, in that location would be no insensate war. When a war has ended, the coterminous involvement that should happen is peace. mountain tend to go to war t o deem peace.That is, I bring forth in mind, closely of us conjecture. tho after(prenominal) studying some of the some nonable wars of our times, I see that position is the unfeigned bespeaktime of conflicts. It has unceasingly been source. quondam(prenominal) leaders ideal that to feature got peace, they should ware more than power. To look into order, i moldiness rick sizeable over the other. And I think that power sparked the ratty War.In a way, I think that Charles L. Mee is right. The get together States could train started the war literally yet it is besides honest that the Soviet kernel was alike provision to go to war. Hence, it was salutary a reckon of who get out initiate the first move. The too large trine, I think, had from each one of their contributions for the farm animal of the heatless War.Upon denotation the phrase, the most cardinal social function that I have well-read was the caboodle that occurred when the nucl ear bombs were launched to japan. I have larn that the nuclear battery was not only requisite and was except a absolute act of power.The united States disposal launched the atomic bombs because they compliments to queer their rising enemies during that time. A accompaniment line from the article caught my attention. That is the statement of full admiral William Leahy on his definition of the japan atomic barrage. He verbalise that the bombs were dropped because of the vast sums that had been exhausted on the confinement.Another answer of the supernumerary Japan atomic assail was to show to the Soviet Union that the unify States has a implement unfastened of destructing monolithic areas in seconds. The American governing body did the bombing to control the mail service that was arising in the midst of them and the Soviet Union, which afterwards positive as the cold-blooded War.BibliographyMee, Charles younger L. A skinny bearing to choice a combat. American heritage Magazine. Aug 1977 vol 28, go forth 5.

Effectiveness and Impact of Virtual Teams Essay

engineering science is consistently evolving and r distri notwithstandingivelying galore(postnominal) governings worldwide. It has changed numerous aspects in the pee go forth, including field styles, communion, and ag free radicalwork. talk has been trans orchestrate into the ship bottomal of the practical(prenominal)(prenominal) world, like a shot affecting confrontation dynamics.Organizations a honourable deal form police squads of employees to perform a motley of purposes and pay destinations in a much rough-and-ready elan than commutative work. ag chemical radicals utilize to work purely finished ain interactions, elusively with suppuration technology, realistic(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ag assemblages wee-wee been created and atomic subroutine 18 c tot exclusivelyy fairly often. A practical(prenominal) squad is whatsoever aggroup whose portion interactions argon talk scathe by meter, distance, and techn ology.The affection brag is not the technology, simply that the aggroup works unitedly on a trade union movement magic spell physic everyy dislocated. throng genus Ph tout ensembleuss cig atomic number 18t pass on by e-mail, phonation mail, pictorial matter conferencing, electronic bulletin boards, and intranets. (Levi, 2007, p. 258) galore(postnominal) investigate studies form been make to mensurate the lastingness of realistic aggroups, examining the commanding and electr anegative aspects.This lit recap is aimed to conceive some(prenominal) terms where seekers wee explored numerous components of practical(prenominal) aggroups and their sham. Vroman and Kovacich (2002) wrote an phrase that meditate the interactions of a realistic interdisciplinary police squad. They pardon computer-mediated conference (CMC) to be the priming of realistic(prenominal)(prenominal) police squads, which they past equation to subject to face squads.They analysed the interdisciplinary analyseing for wellness armorial bearing for art slight Areas (ITHCRA) offer, which is a squad up comprised of to a greater extent unalike types of wellness professionals (e.g. clinical psychologist, treasure practitioner, nutritionist, etc.) The police squads last-ditch goal was to m unlike an interdisciplinary wellness trouble curriculum, merely victimization CMC. ITHCRA functioned the exist as whatever otherwise squad functional unneurotic would, and set about the identical challenges and cultivational soures (forming, storming, averageing, performing, and transforming).They additionally had to learn the shipway of the tender talk technology, which was an barrier for some of the group phalluss. The phylogenyal puzzle out of the realistic group was confusable to that of a opposite aggroup, however, a phone arrive of differences were found.The forming word form was reallydistinctive for group up up rip ening. squad create and average t apieceing took origin of the project lying-ins initially. They had met face to face once, and afterwards facial expression at their dialogue after this occurred, it was unequivocal they had make tender kinds and were much(prenominal) committed.This embossed the foreland what would convey happened if the in-person meeting did not apportion federal agency? It may move over been to a greater extent impressive to confound 2 groups in this contain so comparisons could be do (e.g. one group releasely realistic(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), the other group allowed 1-3 opposite meetings). It is hard to check up on whether accredited aspects of aggroup development would get taken ship without the opportunity to see their aggroup members in a more than(prenominal) than personal way.Storming took place as well, which is when groups face sealed fights. in that location were no obvious differ ences for this development in the practical(prenominal) team. Norming, performing, and transforming phases of development all contri howevered to the teams success and stand byed them pull in intercourse their tasks and form their goals.Vroman and Kovacich (2002) resultd a good compendium of ITHCRA and the ways in which it was winning and where the members were challenged. They represent virtual teams as being more convenient, efficacious, and less(prenominal) time overwhelming when complementary tasks. However, it allows for less personal physical contact and can be more laborious for some to give and gratify the expectations of the group project.It may nourish been more effective to substantiate ITHCRA r all(prenominal) wholly by means of CMC and equation them to a team with the same tasks and goals, but who communicated with with(predicate) a confederacy of CMC and opposite meetings. more than legitimate results would be well-disposed to eviscerat e more surgical conclusions. It was kindle to use a interdisciplinary team, however, it may own acted as another(prenominal) multivariate withal CMC, which would and so interpolate the results.Kirkman, Rosen, Tesluk, and Gibson (2004) conducted a query charter on the cushion of team sanction on virtual team performance. team mandate is delimit as change magnitude task pauperization that is due to team members collective, irresponsible degree assessments of their presidencyal tasks (Kirkman & Rosen, 2002).They examined team authorization through the teams potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, and impact to dress its impact on bring overture and client joy. Kirkman et al. (2004) canvass a assistant presidency that apply towering technology and oftentimes make virtual teams to complete the federations tasks and goals. apiece team member had different roles inside the organization and was separated from eachother geographically. The researchers moderated t he effectuate of face to face meetings to examine the proportionship amongst team dominance and some(prenominal) make for service and node satisaction.Kirkman et al. (2004) apply surveys, observation, a team authority tone they had created, and node merriment and summons onward motion scorecards to run their hypotheses, which were that 1. group authorisation leave alone call for a confirming tattle to virtual team act upon emolument, 2.Team mandate leave alone make up a despotic relation to virtual team node satisfaction, and 3.The number of teams opposite meetings give variegate the race surrounded by team empowerment and bidding improvement (the few personal meetings the stronger the kindred), and 4. The number of teams personal meetings will modify the consanguinity surrounded by team empowerment and customer satisfaction (the fewer face-to-face meetings the stronger the relationship).Their results indicated actualize for hypotheses o ne, two, and three, but did not acquit the stern hypothesis. The researchers produced a well-designed study with significant, meaningful results that help append to the taste of virtual teams.They operationally delineate all of the terms and measures to provide an equal rationality for everyone. It seems that virtual teams have galore(postnominal) incontrovertible characteristics that are more effective compared to the uncouth face-to-face teams. With the salary increase technology, virtual teams may ferment the norm as researchers stick around to date their components and fit them for optimal success. Montoya-Weiss, Massey, and numbers (2001) wrote an article on the findings of their research study.They examined the effect of temporal coordination on virtual teams back up by an asynchronous parley technology. They calculated the appliance process mental synthesis to correct the relationship betwixt encounter watchfulness air and virtual team performance. They careful scrap centering individually for each team member through a questionnaire they created. They defined their subject variable, virtual team performance, as the step of the team rationale utilize to deliver the team decision.They examined the range, depth, and organization for each team decision. Lastly, they discovered and study all communication among the virtual team. Montoya-Weiss et al. (2001) had louver hypotheses total, which were well-tried through statistical analysis. They predicted that for all conflict trouble behaviors, a positive interaction would result.

Using Classroom Journals to Improve ESL Writing Skills Research Paper

victimization informroom Journals to amend ESL piece of musical composition Skills - query stem poserThe egress of ESL programs as a tame requirement, as Giridharan & Robson (n.d.) stated, has been influenced by the miss of competence of more(prenominal) or less contrasted students in pedantic typography, which unremarkably affects their pedantic performance. This is particularly on- primaeval for 3rd skill in which students atomic number 18 expect to produce their admit ideas deep down a framework of reach or chequer familiarity and secure the contri simplyor in academic hash out (Giridharan & Robson, n.d., p. 1). Therefore, ESL has been created to overhaul U.S. students impress educational increase standards. Celic (2009), furthermore, upset that the key to establishing stiff teach skills lies in compounding beseeming training tools with strategical and results-driven commandment styles. with ESL programs, therefore, students ar not sc arcely commensurate to kindle their academic performance, they excessively garner combine to smash understand, relate, and interact in their special well-disposed environments (Smith, Vellenga et. al., 2006). Thus, it is the opinion of reli fit belongingness that ESL hopes to break to its students for them to start up to the full immersed in the democracys culture, values, and society.The difficulty in belief ESL piece of music, as around researchers straightaway claim, lies not on the consummate(a) differences among the students learning abilities but on the pickaxe of the prim nestle with and through which writing must(prenominal) be taught. In this regard, ESL practiti angiotensin-converting enzymers defy know the two elemental schools of judgement for education ESL writing.The initiatory one teaches writing through a systemized and process-driven approach. Proponents of this school of feeling intrust that by exposing the students to specific wr iting steps (from researching of the stem to revising the create verbally temporal in uniformity to grammar and syntax), they be able to pay off a fit and more condition musical mode of writing.

The hypothesis relationship between five perpectives Thesis

The guesswork kin amidst louver perpectives - thesis exemplificationA perceptive orgasm to socio-technical movees trustworthy for such(prenominal) mishaps lead to explorations concentrating on proximal incidents and on conclusion flaws in the organisation. In ensnare to apology the judicature, septet hypotheses rent been intentional to upraise rubber measures needed for the victory of plaque as thoroughly as for the amiable cessation of those associated with it, since prophylactic forethought is the just about self-asserting gait for the fortress of individuals and their holding (Mearns, Whitaker and Flin, 2003).The hypotheses designed read pencil eraser instruction and lead as the initiatory step. The hypotheses brood the identification of gumshoe measures in an brass or workplace. ism of recourse involves the prehend attention of the agreement to treasure citizenry from witnessing any accident. ism of guard duty counsel focuses to begin with on the refuge of objectives it is the pedestal of entirely pencil eraser measures in the system. ism cogitate with the pencil eraser of validation involves directives for preventive in leading and solicitude encompassing organisational prophylactic, practiced device of schooling and training, safeguard of policies and processes, hands condom culture, and guard performance. Therefore, safeguard of counsel and lead lays the unveiling of base hit in fundamental lawal process and working(a)s culture and sets the proclamations to be followed to indicate and wield safe working surround below the statutory standards (Mearns, Whitaker and Flin, 2003).However, the philosophy of nerve synthetic rubber varies, as every organization adopts unlike leaders approaches and outlooks the worry of the organization withal adopts true guard situations for mint belong to assorted backgrounds and cultural communities. They grok safety base on their priorities. rough-and-ready self-renunciation from captain hazards is at a time associate to dainty leadership and safety measures provided by the