Feasibility Research Plan for Associated British Foods

feasibleness Research Plan for Associated British FoodsTop management of AB Mauri, a task unit of Associated British Foods, is cookery to establish bakers yeast and bakery ingredients manufacturing plant life in Bangladesh. Before investing in Bangladesh, the confederation take a feasibleness advertise. This outline report allow introduce the depend and objectives of the main feasibleness explore. The report card will also define the explore st placegy including collectment of data, data collection methods and methods of analysing data for achieving the look objectives. The report also includes, how to analyse smooth data to achieve the objectives and how to take decisions ground on the findings of the research.1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .After the rebirth of industrial globalisation back in 1980s, Asian, Afri post and Latin the Statesn least developed countries became hotspots for relocating push back intensive industries by developed economies. The natural reason was enormous availability of gaudy bear ons in those countries (Bradford 1925). Foreign direct investiture in agriculture and the intellectual nourishment industry, according to FAO (cc4) as cited by Pingali (2010) grew significantly in Latin America and in Asia between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. In Asia, FDI in the pabulum industry close tripled, from $750 million to $2.1 billion during the last three decades and during the same period food industry investment grew exponentially in Latin America, from around $200 million to $3.3 billion (Pingali, 2010). The study Asian investment destinations were China, Thai footing, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India. However, countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nepal and Maldives were neglected by the international investors. Especially Bangladesh despite having one of the biggest population bases and che apest labour forces could non attract FDI in food or new(prenominal)(a) sectors collect to semipolitical instability, severe power shortage and bureaucratic complexities. Nevertheless, recent instruction in the Bangladeshi saving has lifted the international confidence and the economy has become wide open for foreign direct investments. The objective of this paper is to outline a research plan to identify the feasibleness of establishing a factory of AB Mauri business unit which will produce bakers yeast and bakery ingredients.2. Aim and Objectives of the Feasibility Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The aim of the research is to identify whether establishing an AB Mauri plant in Bangladesh for producing bakers yeast and bakery ingredients is a feasible survival of the fittest for Associated British Foods Plc. To reach its aim the research team would fill achieving the pursual objectivesExplore rate of flow political and stint ing situation of Bangladesh and identify sustainability of political and frugal stabilityInvestigate the supplies market place to make up ones mind availability and hail of raw materials, labour and power and comp are bell of production with legitimate average comprise of AB Mauri plantsExplore the local financial trunk and order the impact of interest rate, inflation and alternate rate on future cash flowEstimate and analyse the financial feasibility of the leap out considering basketball team, ten and cardinal years of investment duration.3. Research Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The findings of the research, in sequence of its objectives, should answer the following questionsHow st satisfactory is political situation in Bangladesh for international businesses?What would be the constitute of land, labour, materials and energy in Bangladesh?What government benefits are o btainable for FDIs?What impact the economic variables can put on the business profitability?Is the project financially viable in various investment horizons?By answering all these questions, the research will be able to answer the main research question Is it feasible to establish AB Mauris manufacturing plant in Bangladesh??4. Critical Literature Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The research team would require four areas of knowledge to conduct this research. First of all, the team must get very good idea of artless political economy. Johnson (n.d.) defined awkward economics the study of allocation and utilization of resources and commodities by farming. Johnson in his contributory oblige Encyclopaedia Britannica raised concern about falling agricultural outputs in developing economies and pointed factors like price and income instability, government intervention and some other issues as main constrai nts of agricultural industry. Pingali and Evenson (2010) in their Handbook of rustic economic science discussed a wide range of issues including production and supply, agricultural stake management, groundwork and research in agri-business, marketing and distribution, storage and price stabilisation of agricultural products and many other issues worthy to be reviewed by the researchers before starting time the research work.Secondly, the researchers must convey very good understanding of Associated British Foods business philosophy, replica expectation, human resource policy and strategic issues. ABFs somatic website and annual reports can be very good source of these discipline. The company was first established in 1935 and took the name Associated British Food in 1960 and became a public limited corporation 1982. ABFs business is diversified into five segments sugar, agriculture, retail, grocery and ingredients. The group has at least fifteen companies under its umbrella. AB Mauri, the business unit which this research is concerned about, produces yeast and bakery ingredients and has more(prenominal) than 40 plants in 28 countries. AB Mauris vision is to be the prime minister bakery solutions business around the world. According to the companys financial statements its average hard roe is around 10%. The researchers must know more about companys return expectations, attitude toward risk and other preferences to evaluate the potentiality of doing business in Bangladesh. ABFs corporate website is an excellent info house and almost all breeding required to conduct this research is available on that point.Thirdly, the research would require conclave extensive tuition on Bangladeshi politics, society, economy and agricultural industry. forum political schooling for decision making is very tough. Bangladesh has a prospicient history of political unrest. The countrys politics is led by two major bug outies Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Awami L eague. Bangladesh work betoken Report? publishd by Business Monitor International can be use to have a deeper insight of political and economic flairs. The report would also provide PESTEL and machinate compendium of Bangladesh which would very useful education for this research. Publications of countrys central bank named Bangladesh rim would be very useful to understand the economic paradigm of nation. On the economic data discussion section of the banks website information of exchange, inflation and interest rate, silver supply and national income are available. Average exchange rate of Taka against pulsate Sterling is around BDT 120 and against dollar is BDT 70. Average interest rate is 5% and average annual inflation rate is around 8% to 10%. More valuable information about the economy is available in the banks website. To gather information on agricultural industry of Bangladesh website of Ministry of land can be very useful. According to the ministrys website total cultivable land in Bangladeshis is 8.44 million hectare and net cropped area is 7.8 million hectare. Contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 13.44% and total manpower in agriculture is in a higher place 60%. Handbook of Agricultural Statistics published by agricultural ministry can be a handful source of information to the researchers.Finally, the researchers must have very good idea of research, designing research and research methodology. Marczyk et al. (2005) termed research as cornerstone of scientific process which has the purpose to answer questions and don knowledge. According the authors of Essential of Research Design and Methodology?, researches are used for describing, explaining, and predicting. Research can be of various types descriptive or analytic, employ or fundamental, quantitative or soft and conceptual or empirical. descriptive researches gather and present data to portray something that exists. On the other hand, analytic research collect and analys e data critically evaluate situation. employ research tries to find out a solution for a limited problem and fundamental research builds up generalized theories. valued analysis works with numeric data and qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon. The feasibility research so far is a mixture of descriptive, analytical and quantitative research. The researchers should also have capacity of evaluating financial information to sterilize financial viability of projects.5. Research Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Like all other researches, the feasibility research would collect data from various sources and apply methods to convert data to information that answers the research questions. The overall research strategy can be summarised as followingResearch ObjectivesRelevant information RequirementData Type and Probable SourcesResearch Method and Specific Techniques1. Explore current political and economic situation in Bangladesh and identify sustainability of political economic stabilityMajor political parties their philosophy governmental future avocation rate, inflation rate, exchange rate etc.Secondary Bangladesh Business Forecast Report published by Business Monitor International Publications of Bangladesh shoreDescriptive- Qualitative analysis on political data Trend/ clipping Series psychoanalysis on economic variables2. Investigate the supplies market to determine availability and cost of raw materials, labour and power compare cost of production with current average cost of AB Mauri plantsLand area, productivity, labour availability and cost, materials availability and cost, power availability and cost Average toll of AB Mauri Plants WorldwideSecondary Handbook of Agricultural Statistics and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Publications AB Mauris costing reportsDescriptive and Quantitative Analysis (Need to identify cost trend and fu ture availability of land, labour and power Comparison of new data and average cost3. Explore the local financial system and determine the impact of interest rate, inflation and exchange rate on future cash flowBanking system, financial management practices andfindings of data analysis for foremost objectiveSecondary Publications of Bangladesh Bank and Analysis of this researchDescriptiveQuantitative4. Estimate and analyse the financial feasibility of the project considering five, ten and fifteen years of investment durationFinancial projects ground on information equanimous and analysed in previous sectionsSecondary, findings of this researchQuantitative- Financial Feasibility AnalysisTable 1 Research Strategy6. Research Data, Methodologies, Techniques and Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table-1 shows that the research will pursue varieties of methods to achieve different objectives. In following sections a plan explanation of research methodolog ies are given.(a) Describing Political- frugal Scenario and Estimating SustainabilityFirst part of the analysis would be descriptive in nature. Data on political and economical information would be amass from secondary source and presented in meaningful right smart so that the overall scenarios can be analysed qualitatively. Also data collected on economic information would be placed in a statistical model to estimate future economic trend and sustainability of economic well being of the country.(b) Estimating submit represent and AvailabilityThe research would require knowing the cost of producing bakery yeast and ingredients in Bangladesh. To get information on cost of supplies data can either be collected form primary or secondary source. Labour market information can also be found from secondary sources stated above. The research methodology to achieve this objective would be part descriptive and partly quantitative. Descriptive section would identify average cost of suppli es and current market availability. The quantitative section will predict the trend in cost and compare it with average cost of other AB Mauri factories.(c) Measuring disturb of Economic Variables on AB Mauris Predicted Cash FlowThe economic variables that aptitude influence the estimated manufacturing cost in Bangladeshi plant are exchange rate, inflation rate and probably the interest rate. This part of the research, would require information collected and analysed on economic variables and cost of supplies. First section would be descriptive on the banking and financial system of Bangladesh. Second section of this part would be completely quantitative associating the findings of future economic trend and predicted cost estimates.(d) Estimate the Financial Feasibility of the New ProjectThe final section of the study would determine the estimated production volume, cost and expected price. The estimated financial information then would be used to calculate projects Net Present Va lue, inborn Rate of Return and Project Payback Period. The research methodology would be quantitative and would require complex financial analysis.(e) Formulating Decision Accepting or Rejecting FDI in BangladeshAfter conducting all required analysis, the would finally formulate a decision about the feasibility of establishing an AB Mauri plant in Bangladesh utilize the following decision toolResearched AreaResearch FindingPointsPolitical StabilityStable/Not Stable2/0Economic StabilityStable/Not Stable3/0Agricultural Industry ConditionFavorable/Unfavorable5/0Supply CostBelow Average/Average/Above Average5/0/-5Impact of Economic Variable on Supply CostFavourable/Unfavourable5/0Financial Feasibility (IRR) ban/Less than 10%/More Than 10%-10/0/10 conglomeration Score Range-15 to 30A negative score would automatically reject the investment meaning that establishing an AB Mauri plant in Bangladeshis is not a feasible option. A score between 0 and 10 would mean the investment is conside rable. Finally, score above 10 would mean establishing manufacturing plant in Bangladesh is highly feasible.7. Research Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The research project would benefit ABF on few specific areas. The first benefit is to the ABFs strategic management as the company would be aware about the feasibility of investing in agriculture of Bangladesh. The research report can also benefit ABF if it is planning for investing in other sector in Bangladesh. Finally, the research project model can be used for feasibility analysis for other projects even in other countries.8. Ethical Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The research is not of data-based nature. Because of being an initial feasibility research it will collect questionnaire based data. All data will be acquired from secondary sources. Therefore it seems that there are no ethical issues involved with this research project.9. Research Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The research is however limited in few areas. These limitations are summarised as down the stairsThe research is using only secondary data data would be collected from various sources that might be limited in pure toneThe research puts more weight on cost and financial feasibility information rather than political and social issuesFor decision making, the research will weight the findings of financial viability analysis which is subject to riskNo techniques of risk management would be applied in predicting, forecasting and evaluating information gathered for this project.

Dignity in Care for Adults with Learning Disabilities

Dignity in C ar for Adults with learnedness DisabilitiesThe primary election aim of the proposed question is to analyse the meaning, perceptions and step of self-respect in health perplexity with respect to adults who have acquire disabilities in the get together ground and take up the range of health fretting work obtainable for adults with eruditeness disabilities.Specific ObjectivesTo pass judgment ch totallyenges of entrance, inclusion, choice, attitudes and legislation set about by adults with skill disabilities in health accusation.To determine whether self-regard in cargon for adults with erudition disabilities exists in truth as proposed and promoted by the UK Department of health or non.To understand and qualifiedise the types of health cargon operate offered and available to adults with instruction disabilities.To analyse the quality of healthc are succeedd to adults with erudition disabilities in the United Kingdom and inequalities faced by th em.Methodological dilateThe primary method that leave behind be utilised in this seek is establish on opinionated publications reassessment whereby observations are do on the basis of data entreible in the respect of plenty with larn disabilities. Literature search pass on include key lecture such as intimately study disabilities self-worth and type of work offered and available for them in the United Kingdom. This method is implemented in this investigate because it would definitely be assistive because of diverse reasons identified in the proposal. The applicable literary productions provide be ga at that placed from various sources including journal articles, look for reports and books.Ethical IssuesConfidentiality and privacy of unmarrieds participating in a enquiry is kinda important curiously if the investigate topic is rather an sensitive as the case is with lordliness in care for adults with development disabilities. The researcher require to u nderstand and echtise the seriousness of ethical sheers and considerations in such a research. Although there is a danger of participants being named or psycheal randomness being compromised, the approval from the ethical issues committal is not necessary, as the proposed cultivation will only endue a systematic publications check everywhere of the data already accessible by public.relevancy to PracticeThe consummate research would be quite recyclable in enhancing the level of dignity in adults who are torment from nurture disabilities in United Kingdom. However, mavin of the major points that should be localiseed by unalike agencies and social workers would be how fast and effectually they give the axe implement all these processes. Moreover, signifi fag endt research has been carried out in this regard from variant perspective and from variant researchers hardly the reviewed literature shows several gaps in the standards laid down by polar giving medication health authorities and the current practices relate to dignity in health care of adults with development disabilities.IntroductionDignity is a across-the-board and complicated notion that can be used in legal, religious, bioethics, scientific and political contexts with unlike meanings. The term dignity signifies that a person has a birth justly of being respected and cut acrossed morally and ethically by former(a)s. Dignity implies that hoi polloi should be treated in such a room that they feel their value and worth as individuals within the societal context (Soulen and Woodhead 2006). Dignity can be elevated and alleviated by several promoters in a healthcare facility. These factors include the facility culture, environs and environment, attitudes and behaviour of caregivers and the practice of care being carried out in the facility. quite a little feel more comfortable, confident and in control for making various decisions on their own in the presence of dignity solely if there is a lack of dignity they whitethorn feel discomforted, devalued, embarrassed and miserable (Weisstub and Pintos 2007). Dignity is concerned with how people feel, think and behave in carnal knowledge to the worth or value of themselves and others. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is respectful of them as valued individuals (RCN, 2008).As dignity constitutes a sense of comfort and control, it is quite important that caregivers in medical institutions realise the impressiveness of dignity epoch giving care to adults with acquirement disabilities. The proposed research will analyse the literature associated with dignity in care for adults with acquirement disabilities in the United Kingdom.The force field AimThe primary aim of the proposed research is to analyse the meaning, perceptions and quality of dignity in healthcare with respect to adults who have acquirement disabilities in the United Kingdom and view the range o f healthcare services available for adults with tuition disabilities.The Study ObjectivesTo assess challenges of access, inclusion, choice, attitudes and legislation faced by adults with breeding disabilities in healthcare.To determine whether dignity in care for adults with learning disabilities exists in reality as proposed and promoted by the UK Department of health or not.To understand and compare the types of health care services offered and available to adults with learning disabilities.To analyse the quality of healthcare provided to adults with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom and inequalities faced by them.The following(a) section of the research proposal will discuss the literature as methods and methodology used to achieve the research aim. As it is systematic literature review in ordinary and as it used to this take in in research particular.MethodologyResearch methodology is an important medical prognosis through which researches are conducted. A resear ch methodology will real depict that what is the appropriate approach of conducting a research and which research scheme will be applied in this research. In the standardized manner it would also depict that which data will be collected for the research and how it will be collected.This entire research would focus on learning disabilities with adults and the issue of dignity will also be addressed in this research. The main objective of this research is to understand the issues of meaning, perceptions and quality related to learning disabilities and how dignity of these individuals is affected. The primary method that will be utilised in this research is based on systematic literature review which is useful for several reasons such gives a genuine, clear idea close to the issue being canvas.This method is implemented in this research because it would definitely be helpful because of several reasons. First and the foremost reason is that it would give a clear about the issue that is being studied. woman chaser (2008) presented an idea about that systematic literature review that philosophy of science, development of health related materials etc can be analysed through systematic literature review. In the same manner it gives a genuine and a clear idea about the issue that is being studied. Through this approach findings can be powerful analysed and systematic literature review helps the researchers in the decision making process. Wolf (2008) believed that through this approach the nurture that is collected for this research can soft be summarised. The benefits of this approach would be that past researches can easily be utilised and this would definitely reduce the cost of researching. Another important factor for choosing this approach is the benefit of time that is attached with systematic literature review. concord to Britton and Jonsson (2004) systematic literature review is actually a cost in effect(p) approach for conducting a research. Both the researchers agreed with Wolf (2008) that ordinaryisation and accrual of data in this approach is quite simple and easy as compared to other approaches. Therefore, it can be said that because of these benefits this approach of systematic literature review is selected for this research.Ethical ConsiderationsEthics is the term used for differentiation of right over wrong, good over evil and signification of justice or equality in the general behaviour or actions of individuals in a society (Hinman 2007). Confidentiality and privacy of individuals participating in a research is quite important e excessly if the research topic is quite sensitive as the case is with dignity in care for adults with learning disabilities. The researcher admit to understand and realise the seriousness of ethical issues and considerations in such a research. Although there is a danger of participants being named or personal information being compromised, the approval from the ethical issues committee is n ot necessary, as the proposed study will only present a systematic literature review of the data already accessible by public. The information collected in the proposed research will only be used for research purposes and real identities will be replaced by codes or false names when required. The following section provides an analysis of literature relevant to the research topic that will be used in the proposed research. In this research proposal, there is no need to seek the prior approval of the research ethical issues committee because the study will be beleaguered to summarise the related literature only. all told the subjects included as a part of the literature review and studied / observed are free from any such biases. This research does not use any kind of personal information of patients or people low-down from learning disabilities and hence there is no incidence of rape of rights on moral or ethical grounds.Study of the Literature harmonise to The UK Department of He alth (2001) learning stultification is a combination or collection of several disabilities and disorders. These disabilities whitethorn include disability to understand unseasoned information or skills, impaired function in society and an flack of any disability that started before adulthood and had a lasting effect. Learning disability or intellectual disability also referred to as learning difficulty in the United Kingdom is quite difficult to apologise as it covers a broad collection of disorders or disabilities that people may face.These disabilities include save are not limited to challenges in touch on information, apprehension written or spoken language and other challenges that may affect quality of life (Corley and Taymans 2002). This notion by Corley and Taymans (2002) is backed by Turnbull and Chapman (2010) who suggest that people with learning disabilities face several problems in understanding and bear on interlacing information and face challenges in developi ng late skills. These descriptions of learning disabilities indicate that adults with such disabilities may have difficulties in processing information in several social circumstances including healthcare. This implies that adults with learning disabilities will have a high degree of healthcare needfully as opposed to people with no learning disabilities at all.McGrath (2010) argued in an panoptic literature review that people with intellectual disabilities have greater healthcare requirements as compared to the general population. While explaining the nature and intensity of these healthcare needs he argues that the health care needs of people with intellectual disabilities are more complex in comparison with the general population and can result in premature death, which could otherwise be prevented through effective care. This argument by McGrath (2010) is also backed by several other researches conducted in the context of healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities (Michael 2008 Leyshon et al. 2004 Cooper, Melville and Morrison 2004 Paxton and Taylor, 1998 Nocon, Sayce and Nadirshaw 2008). Gaskell and nightingale (2010) also agree with McGrath (2010) regarding the greater healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities. They suggest that healthcare needs of adults with learning disabilities tend to be higher in comparison to the general population cod to a chassis of reasons including visual and hearing impairment, challenges in mobility, heart conditions, diabetes and osteoporosis.The greater needs for healthcare of adults with learning disabilities are also perceived by caregivers as Vecchio, Cybinski and Stevens (2009) in their study analysed the effect of disability on needs of caregivers. They implemented descriptive statistics and regression analysis to conclude that caregivers of adults with disabilities indicated that they required doance while providing care to such adults. It was also concluded in the study that the needs of adults with learning disabilities were even greater than the needs of adults with physical disabilities with respect to healthcare (Vecchio, Cybinski and Stevens 2009).Adults with learning disabilities face several challenges with respect to societal factors including unethical treatment, abuse, undue impel in interpersonal communication and biasness from the general population due to their special(prenominal) disability (Slater 2005). Slater (2005) argued that the most prominent challenges with respect to societal factors in healthcare were neglect, poor treatment and abuse by caregivers. He argues that adults with learning disabilities have every right to dignity in life as the general population and should not be subject to abuse due to a specific disability. The Department of Health (2001) provides a clear schema regarding treatment and care of elderly people peculiarly when they face challenges due to learning disabilities. The recommendations presented by Slater (2005) are in line with the segment of health framework with respect to poor treatment and abuse. The framework clearly outlines that dignity should be a top precession in healthcare where people should be treated in an ethical, moral and respectful manner. The importance of dignity and equality in healthcare services is iterated by another(prenominal) report of The Department of Health (2002) by implying the importance of fair access to care services irrespective of age and any disabilities a person may have.Philp (2007) recommended that dignity in care should not be an reconsideration and caregivers should understand and realise the importance of dignity in healthcare of adults with learning disabilities. He suggests that caregivers are very busy and they need to incorporate dignity into the overall framework for providing care. In his study, Philp (2007) emphasised the need for treating adults with respect and righteousness while giving them a sense of freedom and control over thei r actions and behaviour. He concluded that there are various forms of abuse and caregivers need to provide care with thorough understanding and realisation of dignity in care of adults with learning disabilities (Philp 2007).Holland (2000) on the other hand, analysed how ageing affects people with learning disabilities with respect to social, psychological and biological issues. He argued that adults with severe learning disabilities faced more challenges in later parts of life with respect to services as compared to adults without any disabilities. He concluded in his study that gaps were present in the healthcare and social services provided to learning disabilities and the standards established by the department of health (Holland 2000). This implies that albeit healthcare providers may focus on providing the most effective quality of services but improvements can still be made to make the quality of services more effective especially with respect to dignity in care.Batesa and Da vis (2004) in their study of social inclusion and services for people with learning disabilities presented several societal challenges faced by adults with learning disabilities. These challenges include hindrance in local community participation, perceptions of general population, problems in safety and trust, limited access to social networks and limited access to services being offered. The study indicates that these challenges are faced by adults with learning disabilities mainly due to the perceptions of community and general population with respect to these people. The research concludes that social capital concept provides an effective model for services that focus on promoting social inclusion of adults with learning disabilities (Batesa and Davis 2004). The concept of social capital, which is based on social networks, and standards of trust and reciprocity Batesa and Davis (2004) can also be implemented in healthcare for adults with learning disabilities for better outcomes .Health care services are of utmost importance to individuals who are suffering with different learning disabilities. McGrath (2010) believed that people with learning disabilities needs health checks to monitor the discrepancies they have. course of instructionbook health checks is a type of health care service that is offered and available to adults with learning disabilities. Usually, people who are go about these difficulties are less apparent to receive continuous screening and they have less frequent piece checks. That is the reason why annual health checks should be offered by different health care institutions so that they can benefit from it in some(prenominal) the short and the long run. However, a concern is that whether these health checks are required or not because if they are not viable enough so there is no need to have an exercise that would engage them in such activity. Albroze (2005) discussed that these annual health checks are very important because they assist the patients in every aspects and people who are suffering from these difficulties can eagre that what is their current situation. People who have learning disabilities usually give out in communities and they have the right to access different mainstream health care services.Deshler, Schumaker and Bulgren (2001) discussed that individual importance should be given to people who are suffering with learning disabilities and this can be considered as a health care service. Nurses should be effectively trained in this regard and they should help the individuals who are cladding learning difficulties. These researchers also believed that equal health care services should be provided to patients who are suffering from learning disabilities. In the similar manner disability awareness should be given to them in different regards like trainings and workshops should be organised so that they can easily benefit from these activities. Certain special health care services should be al lotted to those individuals that have complex and special needs (Bergmark, Parker, Thorslund, 2000). In the similar manner, true action plans should be developed for this cause so that all these health care services would be implemented in a proactive manner. Besides received annual checks individuals suffering from learning disabilities should be offered regular checkups. This will provide an equal opportunity to learn about their health and they can data track a happy and a prosperous life. Certain picture-based books should be provided to them so that they can learn how they can face different complex situations (Deshler, Schumaker and Bulgren 2001).Emerson, Davies and Spencer (2005) analysed that learning disability in adults is a condition that is quite long lasting. A survey showed that about 62% of all the people who are suffering from this disability die hard with their parents or with their relatives. Similarly, 30% of the people especially adults live in certain form of residential care or they live with people who are also suffering from learning disabilities. However, only 7% of the people live with their partners or they live alone.There are different inequalities faced by adults when they are receiving health care facilities. Michael (2008) believed that at times people receive unequal health care treatment and this can be considered as an important issue for people who are providing learning disabilities and for those who are accessing it. People that are facing learning difficulties are not always offered the same level of services and treatment as the general population. People and health care service providers assume certain things when they are dealing with individuals facing learning disabilities (Kuntz, Minnes, Garcin, Martin, Lewis, Holden, 2005). In the similar manner the go health care services received by these adults over the year in the United Kingdom is patchy too. Finally, people who are suffering from learning disabilities as not served and perceived as a priority (Michael 2008).Cooper, Melville and Morrison (2004) believed that people who are facing learning difficulties face unequal atmosphere. They are not treated as equal citizens in many conditions and this creates a sense of inequality in them. People with learning disabilities are discriminated in the society and there are different health care professionals who do not understand much about learning disabilities. In the similar manner many professionals in the society are not beaten(prenominal) with the laws associated with capacity to consent. There are certain professionals who are aware with this scenario but most of them do not consult the family of these individuals who are suffering with learning disabilities (Corley and Taymans 2002). Individuals that are suffering with learning disabilities may not understand the entailment and importance of health care screening or it is highly apparent that they may not recognise the symbols of il l health. This factor might create issues for the carers in both the short and the long run. Therefore, people with learning disabilities should be dealt with extreme care and the level of dignity should be maintained so that they can lead a healthy and a prosperous life. thickThe primary aim of the proposed research is to analyse the issues related to dignity in healthcare with respect to adults who have learning disabilities in the United Kingdom and study the range of available healthcare services. This primary aim will be accomplished by achieving several underlying objectives. All the researches that were analysed in the literature review depict that adults with learning disabilities face several challenges especially with respect to dignity and they should be dealt with extreme care. There are certain discrepancies and difficulties in this regard and there should be a proper equal approach adopted to care for adults with learning disabilities. It was also stressed in this rese arch paper that dignity of these individuals is the main issues and once the dignity of these individuals are present they can live with self respect in the society.Relevance to PracticeThe entire research would be quite useful in enhancing the level of dignity in adults who are suffering from learning disabilities in United Kingdom. However, one of the major points that should be focused by different agencies and social workers would be how fast and effectively they can implement all these processes. A significant amount of research has been conducted in this regard but the reviewed literature shows several gaps in standards laid down by government health authorities and current practices. The proposed research will be helpful in filling these gaps. The proposed research would be beneficial for adults who are facing with learning disabilities and it would be beneficial for caregivers who are planning to implement these processes.

The Ageing Population in Mauritius

The Ageing creation in Mauritius Discussions Impact of old ageing mass in MauritiusThe first objective of this study aims to provide a thorough understanding of the actual impacts of senescent population in Mauritius. Since oeraged good deal retire from their jobs, the incomes they generate be reduced and indeed they use up to rely on gift offs or insurances. Consequently, the aging population is actually lots faced with income auspices and poverty. Among the 80 questionnaires that were distributed, in that location were 18.5% of the respondents were above 65 eld. This was a very signifi keept publication and was the encourage larger share afterward the age group of 20-35 years. Moreover, the Mauritius Statistics forecasts that 20% of the Mauritian population leave behind be above 65 years by 2025.One of the main impacts of an aging population is that it increases the dependency ratio. There are relatively more than pack claiming bounty benefits and less pl urality functional to pay taxes. With the ever-growing aging population in Mauritius, it is probable that this volition causal agency occupations in the future. Though 14.8% of the respondents windlessness live with their grand-parents and 12.3% of them still help their grand-parents financi every(prenominal)y, the dependency on the pension benefits do non seem to decrease.An other(a) impact is the increased government activity disbursement on wellness care and pensions. In UK, the of age(predicate) age pension is presently 113.10 per pensioners per week (Population Ageing Statistics, Rutherford) as compared to Mauritius, where the pension fund is Rs5, 000 per pensioners per month. Since the percentage of archaic age is said to increase to up to 25% by 2025, the Government spending testament increase flat more. Presently, the budget for old age health problems amounts to approximately Rs9.7 billion per year and with a lustrous and signifi targett growth in the number of old stack in the future, Mauritius is likely to face serious budget issues. As such, as demo in table 4.5 in the previous chapter, 56.8% people have that loping people should pay a token for the elders medical run. This gesture loafer remove a huge burden from the Government expenditure since people are not prepared to remove old age pension funds even if an alternative, such as building central offices for the elderly with all their invited necessitate, is given to the old people as shown by the bulk of people who voted No to the suggestion.Moreover, an aging population directs to a deficit of workers in a land. Since the old people retire and live on pension, and there are lesser number of virgin-borns to eventually work to pay taxes, the country faces a lack of workers. Mauritius is not far behind from a shortage of workers. In this effect, 48.1% of the respondents thought that encouraging Mauritians to reproduce will solve the problem whereas 50.6% of them thought i t would be break dance to hire immigrants to work here.Furthermore, since Mauritius will be putting a higher percentage of income into pension funds in the future, due to the increasing amount of old people, it could reduce the amount of savings available for more productive investments. Thus, leading to lower rates of scotch growth.Impact of trade protection budget on aging populationThe second objective emphasizes on the impact of security budget on aging population. With greater number of old people, comes greater expenses in harm of security. As of now, the Government is spending approximately Rs27.1 billion on hearty security solely in the year 2015 and as per our research conducted by the questionnaire, 38.3% people feel concern about this amount of expenditure only on social security.76.5% of the respondents agreed that the well-off should be cut off from pension facilities. This is a considerable idea because the Government is spending trend similarly much money on ol d people and getting nothing-in terms of finance-in return.Though many people (approximately 75.3% of the respondents) thought that the newly elected Government was right to increase old age pension from Rs3, 600 to R5, 000 in declination 2014, a signifi faecal mattert percentage (61.7) agreed that it was merely a policy-making technique to gain votes. This increase in the pension fund has resulted in an increase of over 50% in the Government expenditure as compared in 2014.Over 186, 000 people benefit from the universal pension. The National monetary Fund (IMF) has already sounded the alarm about the aging population of Mauritius that could peril the national pension fund. The financial institution recommends an urgent review of the retribution of this social benefit formula.As foldd by a functional Paper of the IMF entitled Pension Reforms in Mauritius Fair and Fast equilibrise well-disposed Protection and Fiscal Sustainability, Mauritius old age pension military positio n is considered unsustainable in the long term. While now it amounts to 5% of the Gross municipal Product (GDP), supporting for different pension schemes should reach 11% in 45 years.The aging population is putting strong pressure on public finances. The number of people over 60 years will be 50% in 2050, whereas they represented 13% of the population in 2013. The result of expenditures on pension benefits, especially the non-contributory pension scheme will be exacerbated (Takoor, Petri, and Martin).If major reforms are not under taken, the pension funds could cause a shortfall and could eventually be liability for the state especially when 79.0% of the respondents said they are not ready to further sustain the social security financially, besides their contributions in VAT and NPF.Problems faced because of gender in an aging populationAccording to a study made by the UN organisation, women make up a signifi masstly larger share of the honest-to-god population. This is because w omen tend to live longer than men and thus rendering them more dependent on health care facilities and pensions schemes provided by their country. In 2014, Mundi metrical the ratio of females to males above 65 years old to be 66, 643 45, cxlv of the total population. The elderly dependency ratio was calculated to be 12.8%.Also, the UN embed that old(a) women experience some of the lowest literacy rates in the world. clean levels of illiteracy for women aged 65 or over are as high as 78% in Africa and 53% in Asia, compared to 58% and 29% respectively for men in these regions. This seriously impacts on the lives of the honest-to-god women, preventing them from accessing health services, securing incomes, and moving out of poverty.Moreover, the incident that womens life foresight is greater than mens means that health problems that increase with age, such as disability, affect a greater number of women worldwide. It is anticipated that the overall prevalence and severity of di sability among sr. women will continue to increase, in patronage with the growing aging population and the higher proportion of women in the old age groups. For example, former(a) women are more likely to post from blindness than older men, especially in low-income countries where 44% of cases are caused by cataracts. The greater the number of older women, the greater is the dependency on health care services.Furthermore, despite increased awareness of abuse, discrimination, and violence against women, concerns over the pip of older women have largely been ignored. Data on violence against women over the age of 60 is severely limited and research focusing on abuse of older women tends to be confined to developed countries and based on small sample sizes.Impact of sustainability on the level of protection of the old ageThe challenge for the future is to ensure that people everywhere slew grow old with security and dignity and that they fucking continue to record in social lif e as citizens with full rights. At the aforementioned(prenominal) m the rights of old people should not be incompatible with those of other groups, and reciprocal intergenerational relations should be encouraged.(United Nations, World Population Ageing 1950-2050, Population Division)Social protection of the old age approach has addressed the multiple interlinked global challenges of poverty eradication, surroundal sustainability, and economic equity, and gender equality, equitable distribution of resources, human rights, and inequality.In Mauritius, though about 50% of old people do not take public transport, the latter is still discharge for people above 60 years old. However, about 21.0% happen that this trunk should be abolished.Basic income security for people in old age is considered as necessary to avoid poverty among the old age. However, approximately 49.4% of Mauritians find that Rs5, 000 is a risk factor to the life of the elders. This amount of money is considered t o be too much and can put the life of the elders at stake. remainderThis chapter has discussed the various objectives of the research work together with the data that was obtained and calculated in the previous chapter, data analysis. As shown, some data obtained were in line with the objectives of this study. The next chapter will talk about the proposed recommendations.Recommendations and ConclusionIntroductionIn this chapter we will propose a list of recommendations of how the impacts of aging population can be minimised. We will also recommend ways in which the security budget can be controlled, how gender equality and equity can be ensured, and how to ensure a sustainability in the aging population of Mauritius. lodgment for seniors Elder friendly housingSpecific measures can be taken to facilitate the reading of retirement housing by the private sector, in particular, varying the length of land leases to lower land costs, to facilitate elders needs in terms of housing. Also, through a review of the Code on Barrier-Free Accessibility, the Government can consider introducing guidelines for the provision of accessibility and safety features in the homes for the elder people so that they have a more elder-friendly environment to live in. in this way, the elders will more likely have a healthy lifestyle and thus lessening the health expenditure for the Government. reach the workforce and working hoursThe participation rates of women and elderly people in the workforce should be increased to ensure more contribution is being brought economically to Mauritius. According to the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 49% of the people aged amidst 60 to 64 years old in USA are still gainfully employed. There are many ways in which a higher participation of the young seniors (aged between 60 and 65) can be achieved. Among them, the most important are to discipline the inducement of early retirement, reduce the period of entitlement to une mployment benefits, and eliminate high severing payment, extensive job dismissal protection as well as seniority principles.Also, by implementing new child-minding arrangements and more creative working time models and speeding up organisational reforms, the participation of women within the workforce can be increased.Additionally, the annual working and/or average weekly times can also be increased such that fewer workers have to work for more hours in order to compensate for a negative demographic effect on potential growth. Thus, a higher share of women will be put in the workforce and a greater number of part-time jobs will be switched to full-time positions. It will also require an increase in collectively agreed weekly working times.Migrationin-migration can help to slow down the carry out of aging and shoplifting of the population and mitigate its negative economic consequences. The younger, more flexible and better qualified the population, the more favourable the outcome will be. Mauritius should promote migration and put fit migration policies where the policies do not only stop at identifying suitable immigrants but also help them integrate well into the society. It is also very important for Mauritius to promote harmonious race relations-which is not very difficult, considering the fact that we are ourselves a multi-racial nation.Better use of existing resources and adoption of new technologies.We can help people to stay active, healthy and autonomous by building age-friendly cities and smart homes that deploy a range of monitoring and confirming devices to help older people manage life more effectively. We can re-engineer health systems to focus on disease prevention and early screening, kinda than on expensive intervention. With these measures, we will contribute to creating better quality lives for older people lives that are also inclusive and sustainable.Preventing waterfall strategiesGiven the magnitude of this public health problem, p olicymakers should elevate falls prevention as a priority and support policies and programs that aim to reduce risk factors among older magnanimous populations. This may be accomplished in multiple ways. For instance, increased funding may be provided to Area Agencies on aging for broader implementation of community-based falls prevention programs. Certain falls prevention strategies, such as home safety assessments, could also be integrated into existing senior outreach services and programs, such as Meals on Wheels.Enhance opportunities for physical activities among older adultsIt is recommended that policymakers promote the opportunities for physical activity among the elders. Especially, they should implement policies and targeted strategies that support active living for seniors. This involves identifying and addressing the barriers that currently prevent seniors from participating in physical activities, ramping up education and outreach efforts, and promoting community-base d programs that incorporated strength, endurance, balance, flexibility training programs. Some communities for elders offer other social benefits, such as peer interaction and support. This should be put into practice by all the communities for the elderly.Additionally, policymakers should support a broad continuum of programs, ranging from low to high lastingness levels, available to people of all abilities, cultures, and ethnic backgrounds.6.7 Additional benefits for additional years workedSome countries offer financial inducements to workers who keep on working even though they have reached their retirement age. Normally, the incentives are calculated on the fundament of contribution period, for example, an additional day, month, quarter, or year worked after the retirement age. They can come be in the form of a single bonus payment or a percentage increase in the last(a) pension. If Mauritius were to adopt this system, it will ensure more people working and thus more people paying the taxes.Encourage employers to retain and recruit older workersThe Government should encourage employers to retain and recruit older workers. One way in which this can be achieved is for the Government to directly contribute to the consts of employing older workers (Gineste, 2012).Reducing unemployment benefits for older peopleReducing unemployment benefits and lowering pensions could be an incentive to work longer. If the elders have lower pensions and reduced unemployment benefits, they will be more keen to work for longer periods of time so that they achieve a more satisfying and comfortable lifestyle for the time when they are not able to work at all.6.10 ConclusionThis research work has move to highlight the impacts of the aging population and appraise what is being done the Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity, and Reform Institutions to bring about a sustainable development in the aging population of Mauritius.With the decrease in fertility and mortalit y rate rates, life expectancy at birth has increased drastically. And despite this rapid aging population, it can be said that the Government, along with the concerned institutions, are striving to keep the population an economically productive and healthy one.To conclude we have also tried to formulate some suggestions which can be implemented in order to ensure that the aging population process stays in control and that Mauritius does not suffer or at least suffers the minimum impact of such a population.

Achieving Genting Theme Park Objectives Through Marketing

Achieving Genting motif super acid Objectives by MarketingTourist fri fetch upship is a place of interest to visit that is very popular with tourists whether from local anesthetic or foreign surface ara. Normally, places of tourist attractions are engages organizations that operate their business in tourism industries tend to over expenditure their graves and run in state to fetch profits. (Viewed 20th celestial latitude 2009, further in Malaysia, with growing economies in the country, Malaysia rapidly become hotspot for amusement and also cultures of foundation honey oil in tourism industries. In Malaysia, there are many tourist attractions lend able for local or foreign tourists to visit one of the tourist attractions is Genting matter putting surface. Genting matter greenness is one of the famous free radical parts nether Genting Malaysia Berhad which consists of Fist world indoor root viridity, outdoor composing greens and Water Park.1.1 The role of Ma rketing in Helping Genting basis Park in Achieve Its ObjectivesAs a leading brand in reputation super C industry, Genting Theme Park skunk rarely replete everyone in a market. Therefore, Genting Theme Park then decides which segment presents the sterling(prenominal) opportunity in tar name markets. Its targets in kids and family markets visit to their stand park. In roll to bring home the bacon theme park objectives to be the leading leisure, hospitality and fun organization in the world, which lead responsive to the changing demands to customers and outstrip in providing quality run. As were seen the main objectives of an organization is to maximize the receipts and profits, and at the same condemnation also to satisfy needs, wants and demands of customers. The role merchandising plays in society is a societal process by which individualist and congregations obtain what they need and want through standing and freely exchanging products and services of value with each otherwises and the role of marketing in helping Genting Theme park to achieve their objectives is plays an important part and efforts of an organization in order to develop satisfying relationship with customers that benefit for the twain parties, the organization and the customers. These efforts result lead marketing to serve an important role within organizations. However without a strong marketing effort, un alike(p)ly of an organization can be in the tourism market. Normally what the semipublic or termsumers beds to a greater extent near an organization services that provided is depends on their interactions with marketers. Therefore, it is important of Genting Theme park to do the research and development (RD) to meet the needs and wants of the costumers in the market because it has consume effect on sales and profitability for Genting Theme Park.(Viewed 20th December 2009)Doing the marketing research and development is very important in order to know what featu res to design into newly services in the theme park, what damages should offer to customers and how much to spend on advertising or sales equivalence with other competitors. Therefore in marketing point of view, tourism industries ordinarily would use of four major mass communication tools which is advertising, sales forward motions packages, events and experiences, and public relations and publicity for the various customers especially tourists that come from foreign country to knows more nearly the theme park information around the services, promotions packages and useable massage that provided to their value customers. For example, television advertisements is generally know as the roughly powerful advertising medium and directly reaches a broad spectrum of costumers. It can be an effective means of vividly demonstrating product and service attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits.2. Social element of the macro environs that are soon upholding Theme Park industryTheme park industry instruction execution could reflect by social issue, social issue either electropositive or negative is significant role whether difficultly or unhindered to achieve the vision of theme park industry in the future.2.1 MigrationFirstly, migration from one district to a nonher was become an opportunity for theme park industry to utilise local communities manage or operate the theme park facilities. In Malaysia, resident had shift their hometown in order to find job at pileus city, such(prenominal) as Kuala Lumpur, the situation causing population of capital city increased, therefore as short distance of Genting from Kuala Lumpur become a perfect geography strength to attract local communities working at Genting Theme Park, cause people apply Genting job and employee shortage develop rare occurred. So Genting often had sufficient employee to serve customers especially during the feast such as Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and Chr istmas Day and so on.2.2 orbicular CrisisSecondly, social issues such as world(a) crisis would affect consumers visit to theme park, usually national government advice resident reduce go on board to foreign and visitors may worry accidence occurred when outbreak global crisis. For example, in 2003, Iraq war and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) breakout causing local visitor and foreigner choose tour away from crowded placed. Through genting has implemented various events to increased number of customers consume in theme park during the difficult period, however the result show that profit before tax of Genting was decreased to RM1, 131 million compare to previous year near RM1, 195 million. (genting, 2003) Consequently, the global crisis would bring negative impact on Genting unavoidable, Genting must transmit global crisis may occur in the future and draw up few set of solution to solve these issues.2.3 Natural Environment getting evenThirdly, natural environment issu e may also affect insurance policy on operating theme park industry indirectly. The nature environment issue such as global warming has became serious in recent years, that would brought various natural disasters around the world. Therefore society has cognizance the environment pollution that threaten their manners, society leave alone concern about global warming and support companies going green. Hence theme park industry has engaged and practice various method to reduce global warming. For example, Genting theme park has installed water system flow restrictor that function was reduce water exercise around 5% each month, the cost of material would reduced. In addition, Genting theme park also installation of energy devices and minimum kettledrum process to reduce heat and air pollution. Furthermore, Genting corporate has planning and development various conservation programmed in the future. These programmed could brought advantage on reduce imagery waste and simultaneousl y obtain margin profit in Genting corporate. (Nre, 2009)3.0 frugal element of the macro environment that are currently impacting Theme Park industryTheme park industry is currently being impact by the economic elements of the macro environment such as coin give-and-take rate and unemployment rate.3.1 Exchange rateThe exchange rate affects the marine tourists coming to their country. In U.K, their British pound exchange rate cost higher than other countries, which makes the tourists unable to afford the expenses to a tour in U.K. A lower British pound exchange rate makes the tourists able to afford the expenses for park experience. A reasonable exchange rate among both countries like U.K and Malaysia, Euro countries and Malaysia impart effect on the buying power of the tourists, so the tourist will pay a visit to the park. The currency exchange rates policy either limited by government or followed the global economy trend will positively or negatively affects the tourists attend ance.(viewed 20th december2009, )3.2 Unemployment rateThe unemployment rate is one of the major factors that are influencing the theme park industrys attendance. Unemployment rate in local and oversea will bring different effects to the theme parks attendance, either fewer tourists with more local visitors or vice versa. (http//www.anderson.ucla.edu/documents/areas/ctr/ccp/ThemeParkAttendance%28bw%29.pdf) The revenue the people earn will spend part of it with families going to theme park for leisure time to enjoy during the weekend. If the unemployment rate getting higher in the countries, those people unremarkably will not spending their capital in the theme park and they will aim for the theme park promotion period for cheaper ticket.4.0 customer element of the micro environment that are currently impacting Genting Theme ParkCustomer is the person, company,orother entity which buys goods and services produced by another person, company, or other entity. So, customers are playi ng a very important role in market. Genting mountainous Theme Park the first mission is to be responsive to the changing demands of our customers and excel in providing quality products and services.(viewed 2009/12/05 http//www.gentingmalaysia.com/annualreports/2008/rwb2008_missioncontents.pdf)4.1 The Age and Stage In The Life CycleThe age and stage in the life motorcycle model will impact upon the Genting Theme Park. They come from different stem status, such as children, youngsters, adult and elderly customers. This is because consumers are from different group of age stage they will impact Genting to build or prepare new supports to service the consumers when traveling at Genting Threme Park. Genting Theme Park will serve their customers with different age with different game either in indoor or outdoor. Such as the customers from children and teenager the indoor games such as Malaysias first 4D Motion Master Theater to give the didactics movie for them. Because adult cust omers they will aspire stimulate pleasure and new creative game, Genting Theme Park will build the game in outdoor such as Flying Coaster is the first in Asia. Family life cycle from customers also will impact to Genting Theme Park. In the end of the year holiday season parent will bring their children go to travel therefore family relationship between parent and children when travel at Genting Theme Park. (Philip Kotler and Kelvin Lane Keller, 2009)4.2 Consumer Consumption ConceptThe consumers consumption concept changed impacting the Genting Theme Park. Nowadays each customers had basic education and they consider consumption concept not only focus on buying products, that they know their rights and also consist service consumption, therefore customers would spend more money consume on services in entertainment. As service entertainment industry corporate, Genting provide Theme Park either indoor or outdoor to satisfied demand of customers. Customers can enjoy these exciting game simultaneously that improved family relationship between parents and children. Customers consider ticket price of Genting Theme Park was worth to consume, they could going and playing these entertainment facilities with a whole day. But how when the consumers think that what Genting Theme Park provide is not worthy?5.0 Competitor Element of the Micro Environment That Are soon Impacting Genting Theme ParkCompetitor means a business that provides akin(predicate) products or services. The presence of competitors in an industry drives down the price of goods and services because consumers have more alternatives from which to choose if the price of a particular good or service is too high. For Genting Theme Park, it also facing different competitor since they joined in this industry.5.1 Threat of intense segment contentionIn a business field of operations, the competitiveness between corporate will become very strong if it already contains numerous, strong competitor. In Malaysia, G enting Theme park is not only the one numerous and strong theme park, there still have many different theme park that have the competitiveness to compete with Genting. The competition like frequent price wars, advertising battles and promotion battle between Genting Theme Park and other themes park, all these lead Genting have to constantly compare its marketing strategies, products, prices and promotion with other competitors. Otherwise, this will make it expensive to compete. This happen more oftentimes especially in the holiday period.5.2 Threats of High Entrants and Low ExitsIn a business field, competitiveness is high when the entry barriers are higher than pass barriers. Firm enter during good times but find it weighty to leave during bad time. As the result, this will leads to chronic overcapacity and depressed meshwork for all. In this last 10 years, the new entry of other theme park in Malaysia is more than the exit entry. Many firms join and stay in this industry as lo ng as they can get profit from this industry but if they cannot, as long as they bread and butter continued presence, this will cause dampens profit for everyone. In directly, this lead Genting Theme Park has to dealing with even more competitors in order to prolong survived in this business field.5.3 Threat of Substitute ProductsA segment is unattractive when there are actual or potential substitutes of the product. If technology advances or competition increases in these substitute industries, prices and profits in the segment are likely to fall. For example, electronic games and theme park is categorized in the entertainment field. Nowadays, the introduced of electronic games like play station, PSP, and computer games becomes a common and infallible amusement tool by the world. People will visit Genting theme park because to have fun, and so that same with playing electronic games-all is about fun. With the introduced of the electronic games, this success attracted the major target of customer of Genting Theme Park, like teenagers. Virtually, this creates a competition between of electronic game business field and Genting Themes Park which in the same business field entertainment.6.0 ConclusionMarketers do not make decision about target market and marketing mix variables in a vacuum. Research and study should be utilise in order to further understanding the market. This will help marketer in making the business plan and business decision

Perceptions Of Rape And Sexual Assault Sociology Essay

Perceptions Of Rape And Sexual Assault Sociology Essay by the course of this essay Irina Andersons query into outrage perception every last(predicate)ow be critically analysed. This essay will offset printingly summarise the look and then go through each possibleness, the methodology employed and the ideas de vagabonde forward within the interchange will be assessed receivable to their several(prenominal) strengths and weaknesses. In addition to this there will be a ingredient commenting on the place of this interrogation within indulge look into at double. most of the problems associated with results of this inquiry and the conclusions drawn from it will be looked at in like manner. finally educeions on ways to overcome these problems will withal be investigated. As this digest takes place within the context of Social Psychology Andersons query will thus be viewed through the lens of theories relating to attitudes. This was first put forward by Allport who d efined attitudes as A mental and nervous state of readiness, organised through experience, exerting a directive or high-energy influence upon the individuals response to all objects and situations with which it is related (Allport,1935 p.810). due to the gendered nature of transgress perception this research is much needed in building a frame work for how irreverence is give awayn by the ordinary. The pinch is very clear and to the point and succinctly condenses the research. The three hypothesises under investigating argon what is the current perception of fe priapic infraction, whether this perception is applicable to five-year-old-begetting(prenominal) cocker or ar there elements of cultural lag in mannish assault. Despite previous research it was strand that these hypothesises were proved ill-timed during the exercise overDuring the introduction these instituteation of the hypothesises under investigation are laid. It was raise that past research had carry n that egg-producing(prenominal) rape was most commonly seen terra incognita rape. The Stranger rape stereotype (SRS) is a script which constructs rape as occurring between two people who do non tell a patch each other, the act usually happens at night with the struggling victim subdued, etc. However studies make believe shown that contrary to this scenario the vast absolute majority of fe masculine rapes 78-84% (Gavey 2005, Koss 1988) are committed by males known to the victim this disparity between official statistics and humans perceptions is part of the basis of this matter. It is argues that changes in rape perception, brought on by demystifying of rape myths by the media , the breakdown of gender roles and business relationships which suggest that a broader definition of rape is being used have combine to contri notwithstandinge to the complete rejection of the traditional SRS paradigm into that of acquaintance rape. Though Gavey p 17-49 has examined the move away from traditional stranger rape paradigm, especially from the 1970s onward, a complete reversal of public thinking does not await to be completely supported. However as participants within this study were asked to fetch their own lists of information it was expected that an answer to this question would be found through the course of Andersons research.One of the most important points that rat be drawn from the introduction is what seem to be a overleap of research following on from Kahns work regarding a concrete musical interval of and definition of public attitudes to the differences between acquaintance rape and seduction (Kahn 2004). The convergence between these terms as outlined by Kahn may hint to general bewilderment and it may be argued that without a clear specialty between these terms present research into the conceptualisation of egg-producing(prenominal) rape may be hampered. In order to address these questions, this current research is vital is analysing wha t a female rape will be conceptualised as.The results pertaining to the first hypothesis are analysed within the discussion section, which is the head structured and lucid it begins by addressing the first findings regarding the first hypothesis was directly contradicted by the results of the experiment. It is well argued that a possible reason for this opposition was due in part to the problems load attribution where by participants described scenarios in which the victim would be less likely to invite societal consign. From this analysis the have it off of societal blame appears to be highly salient in rape perception. Moreover in descriptions of a typical rape Anderson asserts that respondents appear to evince scenarios in which no level of blame may be wedded to the victim and suggests that shape up research should concentrate on whether participants are describing what they see as the reality of typical rapes or if other positionors, namely blame attribution play a par t in the results. Research clear up this ambiguity would do much to further the study of public rape perception.The second intention of Andersons research is to ascertain whether or not male rape is seen along the same parameters as while/acquaintance rape in females. It is stated that due to a lack of data concerning male rape cause by low report rates and the propagation of rape myths and misconceptions that the research into the public perception of male rape has in not been given the attention which it deserves . From the information equanimous in previous in previous studies (Donnelly and Kenyon 1996) it has been hypothesised that if the current opinion of female rape is characterised within the parameters of acquaintance/date rape and that male rape is much(prenominal) commonly seen within the older SRS model. The second part of the discussion directly deals with the results relating to this hypothesis. From the analysis undertaken female rape may still be generally seen along the lines of a stranger- acquaintance rape continuum. However the results show that male rape is viewed along completely dissimilar lines to female rape. From these findings Anderson argues that male rape perception may be characterised by (a) erroneous and unreal perception. These other itemors entangle descriptions of the act of rape, the relative strength of the culprit and victim, sexual orientation and the motivation of the rape being sexual urges rather than mightiness related. The fact that almost of the factors attributed to male rape include homosexuality and that discriminatory beliefThe hypothesis of the cultural lag of male rape was nonetheless not supported during the course of the research. Finding show that male rape does not lag behind female rape, rather other factors not found the SRS/AR models were drawn upon when conceptualising male rape. These other factors need up a fourth hypothesis in the method section were not previously mentioned within the introduction or hypothesis summary. The failure to include this fourth hypothesis previously, which directly addresses the other factors associated with male rape appears to be an oversight. However though it is very useful in helping to make sense of the data as a whole, the late formulation, or at least labelling of this as a hypothesis, subverts the initial aims of the experiment and calls into question the hardness of the data coded within this section. The inclusion of this section also further widens the circumstance of this limited study. Considering the limited data which may be collected from much(prenominal) a small (119 people) and highly privileged sample of the population. In dizzy of the three main interconnected hypothesises the extension to a fourth hypothesis principally concerned with factors initially outside the experiments design data tracks to a accredited weakening of this study. Though this data is well coded and analysed, there rotter be no doubt tha t this section places strain upon the method section of this study as a whole.The third intention of this current research is to analyse the differences of response between male and female respondents. All previous studies which lead male and female attitudes to rape have shown a strong dissimilitude between attitudes along the gender divide. This it is argued is unsurprising due firstly the fact that men generally have less knowledge about or contact with rape, and secondly due to the fact that historically been the victims of violence while men have been the perpetrators. In agreement with this it is demonstrated that men to a greater extent often agree than disagree with rape myths, empathise less and last less tolerant attitudes towards victims (Jiminez Abreu,2003) In addition to this Andersons previous research has found that men possess to a greater extent homophobic attitudes that women in regards to male rape. This is endorse up solidly by previous research, which in su mmery states that as men experience rape less and that as the issue of rape is less prominent within the male consciousness. Men will extrapolate their knowledge of female rape, to a male scenario along the SRS paradigm.In selective service out the reasons for the predominance of factors such as homosexuality and homophobia associated with male but not female rape Anderson puts forward several reasons as to wherefore this may be the case, the first is that participants may simply be expressing their plague at this act (Davies, 2002). Secondly use homophobic language as a means of distancing the participants from the victim so at to keep their masculinity intact and to also remove the possibility that they (the male participants ) could themselves be raped. This is a very interesting point which is well argued and is a convincing analysis of the data presented. The recommendation given for further research investigating the corporation between sexuality and homophobia in relati on to conceptualizations of male rape and the blame attributed to victims is well founded and may go some way in explaining why these factors have gained such prominence in this research.Through course of critically analysing the current research many issues of importance have become apparent. for the first time any research which furthers the field of rape perception is of huge importance. It is also of paramount importance to educating the public at large about the dominant trends of rape within society. With regard the article under review some very important questions have been raised by this study. The fact that all but one of hypothesis has been proved false may be seen in part as a cause for alarm. This is particularly manifest in the case that female rape perception has seemed to have woolly-headed its cultural lead over supposed paradigms of male rape. This calls for a reappraisal of assumptions that female rape is typically seen within the AR framework. Secondly the fa ct that male rape is not seen either as SRS or AR and is viewed in often homophobic terms may be interpret differently than to Andersons theory that homophobia is a form of distancing on the part of male participants, it may be interpreted as evidence that homophobia is much more(prenominal) prominent in society than previously assumed. The difference between male and female respondents has not been clearly addressed either, it seems from previous research that more than ever there is now a pressing need to prepare males within society about the various aspects of rape. From analysing this research it seems that very small-scale was confirmed or disproved about rape attitudes and perceptions, this research has in turn raised more questions than it answers. In conducting future research it would be prudent to approach one hypothesis at a time, using a much larger sample of the population. In addition to this a more careful use of wording of research questions may also receipts future studies, for example the question what are the predominant circumstances of a male/female rape may address the hypothesis more clearly than the use of the phrase typical. This leads us to ask further questions about the problematic nature of this type of research.Andersons current research acknowledges some of the shortcomings of the present study including the fact that the research participants used for the study were from a student population, despite this acknowledgement it would be naive to derive these findings due to the particularities associated with a student sample to the population at large. Some of the main problems associated with using a student population for this type of are that as supported by the research that rape may be an issue generally held in the student consciousness. Secondly the predominantly young age participants, mean age 21.2, could perhaps play a large part in how rape is conceptualised. This is especially important considering that the age assemblage of these students suggest that they have been brought up within the AR framework. A larger study would show how the population at large conceptualise rape. It bottom be argued that perhaps even previously un-theorised concepts of rape may be found as a result of such a study. It would also be of great interest to investigate what the current perceptions of marital/ accomplice rape is.Another important factor which may have touch on findings is that up to 34% of the participant were from ethnical minorities. Anderson argues that this factor may have altered the outcome of the study. It may however be argued that the inclusion of ethnic minorities may in fact give the present study a higher degree of validity and allow this research to be generalised. regardless of the supposed less tolerant perceptions of rape within minority communities (Nagel, 2005), the hypothesised certain attitudes of the student population appear to be unfounded. This finding adds to the overal l confusion of the results presented. At present it is impossible to say whether the inclusion of these minorities have lead to a substantial change in the findings of the survey. Further studies along the lines of Nagels research are to be suggested. This work should concentrate on the questions of race, ethnicity and kinfolk should be dealt with as a means of aiding the understanding of rape perceptions in the public at large.In conclusion the current body of research into rape perception is clearly lacking. The findings of some previous research which are not supported by this study are a knockout problem which must in due course be addressed. furthermore Andersons unsupported hypothesises clearly show the need for further and more tell research into the area of public rape perceptions. Some interesting points were brought up which also require further research, most importantly the fact that female rape perception is still categorised along the lines of SRS rather than AR. I n addition to this the evidence produced regarding the other factors associated with male rape also guarantee investigation. Andersons suggestion that further studies concentrating on blame attribution is a logical and well reasoned course of action and is highly advisable. In summery past and present research has shown gaps in the understanding of how the public view rape scripts. This research has done much to highlight this problem. It can only be hoped that further research and public education can lead to an increased awareness and understanding on the topic of rape.

All About Shark Cartilage Essay -- Animals Fish Papers

All About shark Cartilage chisels throw existed on this earth for oer 400 million years, and for the most part have been one of the only species in earths history that has not been changed dramatic totallyy as a result of evolution (http//www.nutritionw arhouse.com/Shark.Cartilage.html). Furthermore, in late(a) times since the onslaught of the industrial revolution, numerous pollutants and toxins have been introduced into the earths oceans, forests, and atmosphere resulting in cancerous development in nearly all forms of life. Incredibly, however, the amazing living machine known as the shark has survived literally unchanged and has rarely developed cancer despite the fact that almost all other creatures of land and sea get cancer regularly (http//www.realife.com/cancer.html - http//www.realife.com/cancer.html ). These prehistoric sea creatures have skeletons, unlike other animals, largely do up of cartilage, which is a tough yet malleable connective tissue. The fact that shark s do not regularly get cancer, that they have survived the test of time, and that they are composed mostly of cartilage has raised quite a pip of interest among scientists within the past twenty years (http//www.realife.com/cancer.html - http//www.realife.com/cancer.html ). Based upon this investigate (however, mostly unofficial) shark cartilage is now very popular on the web as a safe and effective treatment for osteo and rheumy arthritis, cancer, and numerous other diseases (http//www.freeyellow.com/members/totalnatural/doforme.html - http//www.freeyellow.com/members/total). The above information was obtained off of the world massive web, however, in this website we will also discuss the real information that has been obtained from authoritative med... ... claims made on the web are definitely not current because of their lack of scientific evidence. Shark cartilage may be utilize for cancer treatment effectively in the future, however, right now no scientific facts can su pport the claims of shark cartilages ability to treat cancer. References Hunt, Traci. Shark cartilage for cancer treatment. American Journal of Health System Pharmacology. Aug 15 1995 52 1756, 60. Iwaguchi, T. A novel angiogenic inhibitor. crab louse Letters. Jun 15 1990 51181-6. Langer, Robert. Shark cartilage contains inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. Science. 1983 2211185-87. Markman, Maurie. Shark cartilage. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. June 1996 63179-180 Matthews, James. Media feeds frenzy over shark cartilage as cancer treatment. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Aug 4 1993 851190-91.

Paper Cranes :: Creative Writing Essays

Paper Cranes 1. From the Menninger Institutes seven criteria for emotional maturity The contentedness to find to a gr feaster extent satisfaction in giving than receiving. The capacity to worry to other people in a consistent servicemanner with rough-cut satisfaction and helpfulness. The capacity to love. 2. In the opening scene of the film L.I.E., the of import character, Howie, a fifteen-year-old boy with baggie jeans and hair that does a chipmunk tail flip at the top of his forehead, jumps up to stand on the railing of an overpass on the Long Island Expressway. Arms extended to the sides, he tightrope walks to the left. He sugar, turns, and begins back. Then stops again and lifts one foot so hes balanced only on the tip of one sneaker, on a metal beam the largeness of a cassette tape. We, the audience, see him from behind a thin figure in too-big clothes, car after car after car whizzing by to a lower place him, all oblivious to the boy who, with just the slightest su dden gust, could land, crumpled, on their roof. As you watch, all you want to do is wrap your arms around the boy and hug him to the ground, to safety, to chiding words about what couldve happened, and keep on hugging him. And as you watch the rest of the movie, that whole tone never leaves Howie only seems more and more alone. You see the already motherless Howie fling by his father, abandoned by the boy hed thought was his best friend, bullied at school, until the only soulfulness left to listen to him at all is a middle-aged man who also happens to be a pedophile. At first I was outrage that the director portrayed this pedophile as the only person spontaneous to put a supportive arm around Howies shoulder. After all, arent pedophiles shabu? But then I realized that maybe that was the point. Its clean to judge. And its easy to keep speeding home, aware only of the other metal boxes zooming on next to you in tenuous synchrony. 3. When I was little I got fevers. They were awkward fevers that made it so all I could think about was feeling nauseous and anticipating the moment when I would feel well enough to eat the promised popsicle. But the worst part was at night, when Id float somewhere in and out of consciousness since I wasnt always sure if I was sleeping or not, I wasnt sure when I was dreaming or not, either.

Menu for Sandwichman :: Free Descriptive Essays

Menu for Sandwichman Sandwichman is the name for our devise eating house. Sandwichman was started by four college students at Iowa State University Rajane Patel, Ashlyn Bloom, Rachel Te, and Agus Leonardo. We decided to open this organize restaurant at grand Duff Avenue here in Ames, Iowa. The basic colors for our sandwich restaurant atomic number 18 orange and yellow. My responsibilities in building this sandwich restaurant are designing and preparing the poster. The Menu is considered to be the most important case in order to build a restaurant because a menu tells what the restaurant offers. In order to create a menu for this restaurant, several(prenominal) items need to be considered, such as prices, type of ingredients, and the nutritional facts for the sandwiches we offered. I have done some research about the menu from some other sandwich restaurants. In this paper, I would like to discuss whole these items.Prices are one of the most important considerations for p eople who want to buy a sandwich. In order to determine the right prices for our sandwiches, we have to know our targeting customers first. In this case, the major(ip)ity of our targeting customers are students and people who are living in the move economic class. Because of these targeting customers, the price for a sandwich in our restaurant is relatively cheaper than in other sandwich restaurants, such as Subway, Jimmy Johns, and so on Moreover, our sandwich restaurant is built as a low-profit restaurant. The price for all sandwiches in our restaurant entrust be $3.75. They all have the same(p)(p) price because it will be easier for the internal operation of the restaurant, especially the cashier. Moreover, having the same price enables the customers to pay for any sandwich more conveniently and well too. Besides that, our restaurant also provides meal packages. These meal packages consist of a sandwich, a drink, and chips. In these meal packages, customers are free to choos e what conformation of sandwich, drink, and chips they want to have. These meal packages will cost $5.00 for one meal. Beside sandwiches and meal packages, our sandwich restaurant also provides salads, chips, and drinks. Salads will cost $3.00 chips will cost $0.75 and drinks(soda and lemonade) will cost $1.00. However, iced tea will cost only $0.75. The payment for the sandwiches stinkpot be done by cash or credit separate Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover will work.Choosing the right type of ingredients is a major concern for this menu.

War and Media Essay -- War Television Essays

contend and Media Perhaps ane of the greatest impacts on the lives of the peoples of cosmos is that of our own self-destruction of wars, death, and decay. It is therefore in truth reasonable to sound off that at the forefront of these events would be the media, capitalizing on their ability to bring to the people, those little outright afflicted by war, news and developments concerning the actual war, statistics, and shocking images from interior the motley war zones. Though many may think that the persona of this oddball of reporting is for the intellectual benefit of the viewers, some have argued that it is quite a sort of real-life reality television show. Tom Engelhardt wrote in an condition entitle The disconnect fight As Total Television, found in The Nation, that the disconnectedness War proved promising exactly because the boundaries between phalanx reach and media event broke down in such a itinerary that military planning could become a new regu late of media reality. (Engelhardt, 108) If one follows this dissertation, we seem to pick up on how the Gulf War was actually a sort of ploy by the government and the impertinently conglomerated media industries to cost increase ratings and provide high-rated entertainment as opposed to news coverage. It is know that at this point in archives the broadcast manufacturing was in very real danger of falling through, even though they had view financial support by various companies across the US, due to the argument industry and the then newly formed Fox network. This makes a mound of good sense when you look at how the broadcast networks were planning taking indorse the industry, by getting in with the government and making the production of a lifetime. The history of the war has always been suppressed in the national... ...p//www.bsu.edu/library/doresearch/resourceguides/terrorism.html Cohen, Jeff. Stenographers to designer The Gulf War As a Case Study in Media C overage. Stenographers to Power. Ed. David Barsamian. Monroe ME communal Courage Press, 1992. 139-162. Engelhardt, Tom. The Gulf War As Total Television. The eccentric shelf The Media & the Public, Vol. 66, Num. 5. Ed. Casey Ripley, Jr. New York H.W. Wilson Company, 1994. 108-115. Johnson, Peter. Media, War and Scrutiny. ground forces right away 17 Oct. 2001. 34 pars. 19 Nov. 2002 Kennedy, William V. The Military and the Media. Connecticut Praeger, 1993. Neuharth, Al. Media Mesmerize with Attack Coverage. USA Today 13 Sept. 2001. 14 pars. 19 Nov. 2002 War and Media Essay -- War Television EssaysWar and Media Perhaps one of the greatest impacts on the lives of the peoples of Earth is that of our own self-destruction of wars, death, and decay. It is therefore very reasonable to suppose that at the forefront of these events would be the media, capitalizing on their ability to bring to the people, those less immediately afflicted by war, news and developments concerning the actual war, statistics, and shocking images from inside the various war zones. Though many may think that the purpose of this type of reporting is for the intellectual benefit of the viewers, some have argued that it is instead a sort of real-life reality television show. Tom Engelhardt wrote in an article entitled The Gulf War As Total Television, found in The Nation, that the Gulf War proved promising exactly because the boundaries between military action and media event broke down in such a way that military planning could become a new form of media reality. (Engelhardt, 108) If one follows this dissertation, we seem to pick up on how the Gulf War was actually a sort of ploy by the government and the newly conglomerated media industries to boost ratings and provide high-rated entertainment as opposed to news coverage. It is known that at this point in history the broadcast industry was in very real danger of falling through, even thoug h they had mass financial support by various companies across the US, due to the cable industry and the then newly formed Fox network. This makes a lot of sense when you look at how the broadcast networks were planning taking back the industry, by getting in with the government and making the production of a lifetime. The history of the war has always been suppressed in the national... ...p//www.bsu.edu/library/doresearch/resourceguides/terrorism.html Cohen, Jeff. Stenographers to Power The Gulf War As a Case Study in Media Coverage. Stenographers to Power. Ed. David Barsamian. Monroe ME Common Courage Press, 1992. 139-162. Engelhardt, Tom. The Gulf War As Total Television. The Reference Shelf The Media & the Public, Vol. 66, Num. 5. Ed. Casey Ripley, Jr. New York H.W. Wilson Company, 1994. 108-115. Johnson, Peter. Media, War and Scrutiny. USA Today 17 Oct. 2001. 34 pars. 19 Nov. 2002 Kennedy, William V. The Military and the Media. Connecticut Praeger, 1993. Neuharth, Al. Media Mesmerize with Attack Coverage. USA Today 13 Sept. 2001. 14 pars. 19 Nov. 2002