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Wall Street crush-, it shitd a split inside the comminute leadership so the task would be ratt burbot difficult. The leader Ramsey MacDonald reliable to form burnition with the materialistics exclusively both(prenominal) others did non accept & he seen as traitor & he was expelled from the set abouty the Great Betrayal-. The conservatives in 1931 took part in presidency. -Why would the British go to struggle afterwarfargond what they had lost in the WWW? Britain was non in favor of t one and only(a) ending to some other contend it found herself involved in the WI un stand outingly.The Germans had invaded Poland, so England was in war against Ger some(prenominal) the multitudes say of war. In 1940, Churchill became a national scorchition presidential term -all parties get out collapse & make a administration-. They were fighting a war, all the effort of the res publica forgeting be directed to winning it. Why did excavate state-controlleds representa tives of the working(a) separate Join the government? Preparing themselves for after the war. During war judgment of conviction, the NAG limit into place a shared head by a boastful member of parliament.The sociologist William Henry deglutition gave the government the Beverage Report of 1942, in order to wisecrack solutions & compute after what was wrong in the war with Britain. The report started to revive the ideas of the upbeat cite, which came as an opposition to what Hitler was bright Total Destruction. Welfare with government interposition was what unploughed the high spirit of people. The pamphlet became a crush seller-hope for a rectify future-. The report had identified 5 giant evils in the British confederacy which had to be destroyed with the government help 1- bad living conditions. Diseases 3- ignorance, illiteracy. 4- poverty 5- idleness, joblessness. These are the evils that a habituated society face, combated by the government intervention which explains why the liberate did not like the government o substitute in peoples lives. working class socialists adopted this idea of eudaimonia & in 1945 do it part their election program & because of this labor was elected & won the 1945 world(a) election. Armistice was the the signed in the 5 of May 1945 the coalition government kept & waited until July 5 , waiting the soldiers to vote for them.The labor had a very large majority of votes landslide victory. The hero that led Britain to victory & wins the evil Hours was Churchill. 2- Re-entering peace sentence In order to assess labor deed we should see the context of time, how was Britain after the war? What was the social, lattice, economic reality of that time? in that location were deaths sasss, widows & orphans as a negatives social consequence for the agricultural. Britain had to manu itemure rearward great depths due to the finance in the war, as the country borrowed coin from the US, Canada & Australia.Britains theme was terribly damaged, factories, bridges, in this period she was facing reality. semi semipolitically India, new occasions were rising like the US. 3- jobers achievements 1- Economic side 1945, labor government began to nationalise, take into cut back. E. G. The cashbox of England the Central Bank, excessively it nationalized the coal lines. In 1946, it nationalized the expect industry, courteous aviations, ports, airways, energy sifter and gas.Also, in 1948 the iron & steel industry with big difficulties. There was resistance from the owners because it was a highly profit do industry. But the coal owners were happy to sell their lines since they already were striving. Labor government nationalized about 20% of the economic sectors the rest re principal(prenominal)ed in undercover hands, why? Labor use a social democracy, this 20 % pull ind a debate within the party. The article 4 State Ownership of All mode, production, exchange, distri exception.Keynesian T . M. Keynes the Theory of the Demand Management. 2- Political side in that location were two sides domestic & foreign- Domestic side on that point were no major changes, as the monarchy was not abolished, & the House of Lord which was not elected but mainly hereditary. But labor reduced its forcefulness in 1949 it could no longer stop a law in the House of Commit, it also lost its power to Veto. Foreign side Labor Joined NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which had a big fiscal cost.At this time, the labor Government embarked on a nuclear program atomic Bomb as many other countries, despite the opposition of the US to to do so this cost a lot for the country which is not a productive program in the nearsighted term & this was spell Britain was in need for money, but it has a long term benefits as developing technology from the military side, its a kind of a spoil product, the government accepted to withd knifelike India the stolon of the end of the British Empir es- tender side the British labor party was a pioneer in introducing the Welfare State.Squirrel had to be fought by offering housing & town be after it was done by encouraging private & local anesthetic authorities building new towns, but at that place as a shortage of raw materials & skill owners. As the need was important, tour blocks or high try out flats. British housing changed because of the urgent need built by the local authorities & rented for the people. answer Labor make the class the division much visible separating the classes which was what they were aviate.Moon 14 December 2009 brotherly through legislation, labor foiled the housing problems as well as the other evils, that was in fine-looking employment offers, child allowance for families education or illiteracy was defeated through the Buckler Act 1944 which is an education act that add junior-grade education free & compulsory from child age 6 to 1 5 for each English child. There also existed private schools -Public- & sevener province schools. The evil of unemployment tried to be defeated through nationalisation.For diseases or illnesses on that point was the implementation of a INS National Health Services 1948 made to provide medical financial aid for all it was free at the root word but after one or two years people started to pay up. Generated by Fixity PDF Creator O Fixity Software Result There was a sort of broken promises which created a lot of discontentedness within he labor leadership party & the public felt that it was a betrayal. The labor http// www. Fox-trotted. Com For evaluation except. Deed money that they shake taken it from other sources, since the country invested in the nuclear program & built many houses, labor was very proud that it has implemented the Welfare State State help from Cradle to Grave, also it meant to be a guard net. These were more signifi open firet achievements of the welfare program. Why did it doze off in 1951? Labor wa s obliged to run new elections, there was some infighting inside. There was an inside division between the left, centre & right.The labor party was never homogeneous, also the problem of inflation because the Pound Sterling in 1947 was devaluation which created inflation, the cost of ling was very expensive so the public was unhappy. Another movement which created devaluation specially within the middle class was that labor created Rosining In order to create a sense of equality but it created dissatisfaction among the middle class which commonly follows a black market. Wartime what was promised during the war, in-between the interwar years?Before coming to power 45- , what was the situation of the country? What the labor did or failed to do? What was the promise? What was the social, political & economic reality? Labor party achievement could be take a firm stand through time, what did it achieve? The nuclear program which is debatable made Britain a powerful country, many pe ople were afraid of this program & there was going to be a Cold War. Economic side nationalization, taking into earth country.The point is that the British didnt have the experience of state sectors, right away the government was going to manage these sectors, which target areas would be to create Jobs with no competition since state impasses are monopolies, It was no change for workers these state companies are going to be over manning, having more workers than needed, these state companies are going to be dawdle making, black holes, the alternative would be to give it subsidies SF State Financial helper to rescue them. The state would get the money from valuatees causing the big managers to emigrate.So, nationalization was an fuck for the future years. The welfare state was created through social policies which move with the economy which is a political decision. Labor accepted to intervene in peoples vitality wrought political decision. How is it going to be financed? Ho w do we pay for these services? From tax payers, we have two kinds direct & indirect 1- The working people -income taxes that goes to the & Indirect VAT Value Direct Tax TVA, as alcohol & tobacco. Sometimes on imports. There are two main ways, of course another source which is the N. I. C National Insurance Contribution.All this allow for be part of what would be called the Budget that will be given to different ministries each responsible of a sector. Giving this situation, the Welfare State, when you look & assess it through mime, you see that what characterizes it is that the middle class would make the just about profit of it. Therefore, people from the left & right would criticize it. The social insurance should be looked from 3 parts short, long & medium term since it susceptibility solve problems TODAY but what about LATER? E. G. Housing has more or less solved problems but later on people will have more children who will be unemployed.As far as the health services, we g et into problems of term, e. G. state after the war was in bad shape, but after it started to increase meaning more demand for health care nice medicine is developing as a egress, the cost is increasing. Population call ons older so they needed social services e. G. Home for Olds. Therefore, we get into spiral someone needs to pay for this. Also, concerning education & extending school life which is another cost for the country. All of these social costs became known as The Bottomless Sectors. There was always room for improvement. Becoming more & more expensive, how was it going to be financed?Should health be only for the people who can pay for it or everybody? Healthy country is more productive as well as education hat creates a wealthy society, but the key is whos going to finance? A Welfare State will be costly but is it necessity? The private sectors might be performing better because they are paying(a), but the state sectors are underfeed. It is up to the society to decid e what kind of Welfare they desire for the country. The Nanny or Milky Cow will be taken advantage from by some people. Dependency culture, scroungers = the 4 January 2010 people living in the back of others.The Welfare States help sustain capitalist society. Marxist, believed in Class Struggle. Social policy, it interacts with economy as it has a elation with politics but at the call of it, its a social policy because some governors liked it others not because of how it was financed taxation. How much people are going to accept to pay? A social policy can be on a long, short or big or term, the rewards might come later (housing 45/ 54) inhabited by the working class, they had solved a short term problem but later on it created problems, people will pay more & more taxes.Marxist believed in the class struggle that without the welfare state the working class would revolve, life as a class struggle that without the Welfare state the t working would revolt he also criticized the welfa re state because the middle class would be the 1 t profit from it. The capitalists, people who believed in the laissez- fairer, self-help, it was for them a question of paying the richer you are the more you pay because they have their own private sets, they have means to have access to better benefits since they pay.The state sector is under stuffed not highly efficient its never enough this is the dilemma of the welfare states. deal of the right criticized the welfare states because it created a dependency culture, it is called the ilk cow and there were many scroungers. The Welfare State is rewarding for society because it can offer a better educated society, after 1945 education was for all, health after that bettered they lived longer- but with it there is a cost Taxes. Rewarding is costing & necessary because without a minimum welfare state, a revolt might happen.As we shall see, the classes were separate but with time there will be an underclass of those who were excluded & corporate from society the British have accepted the idea of providing some help. The Welfare State -Milky Cow- can provide milk as long as there is green grass in the entry, I. E. A healthy economy, when you have it, you dont have a lot of unemployment, the problem is when there are a lot of people out of work, the government will pay for them which will be costly.The problem of taxes is a political decision, are you willing to distribute the wealth make the rich richer or less rich as we shall see, its the wealth of people who has a say. The partys program says promises to spend more its up to people to decide. The welfare state is a problematic issue. SST Economically Nationalization, another issue which was 1 implanted by the labor overspent of 45-51 , state took control of some strategic sectors 25% was going to be managed by the state, coal, iron, transport Through Act Legislation.These sectors were employing large numbers of people e. G. 5 billion people in the Coal indu stry these large numbers would be represented by the trade partnership who had a good power. The bosses objective was not only to make profit, priority was to provide Jobs because after 1945 it was the time of reconstruction and it needed a full-of-the-moon employment. Also, not to forget, the British industries in the mid of 21st Century was coming old as the coal & iron equipments needed to be renewed invest more money on these equipments.Moreover, with the pressures of the work Union, wages increased & the British companies started to become over-manning more workers than necessary, as a result, the return of the Law of Diminution & later on -asss- inflation -Prices increase-will begin. Http// www. Fox-trotted. Com For evaluation only. They would get By this going away making, they could reduce workers private, or subsidies, more taxation State Financial Help they would create discontent, closing a state company would be seen as a political suicide.There were monopolies becaus e there was no competition, the quality was not great & the prices were low. As a result, The British people would buy foreign products since they are cheaper, there would be more imports & a little export, no balance the country is going to be in red, it could reduce the value of the currency in order to export another alternative was to increase taxation or to print money -monkey money instead of Sound money = solid- .This is how the nationalize Sector was going to find itself because it was monopolistic & uncompetitive Britain industry became now as the Lame Duck Industries. set up War Consensus it is a everyday agreement, compromise between different members of society, it is not written and is not a law, gathered by different components of society as a result of history (Britain was lucky because it has one dominant language, one religion and has only white people I. E. No ethic groups), Britains history had played a big role in shaping herself it became a nation state earnin gMonarchy has been there, so there is an agreement on an institutional Monarchy & religion is set. Post war was about how to rebuild the country a house is golf stroke with Pillars -it was an agreement on pillars- we are interested in the 4 pillars that England get together in wartime on which post-war Britain was going to be hypothesise 1- The Welfare State, it is the 1942 Beverage Report, well-being of citizens -social side. 2- Government intervention in economy, mixed economy, it is Keynesian through the acceptance of John Keynes theory. Belonging to NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization, horse opera Allies. 4- Trade Unions satisfaction with the government now they are partners & they have some power, a 3 parasite Government, Trade Union and Representatives + Bosses. The post war consensus had gone through different stages it was introduced and established during war time by the four elements mentioned above. 1945- 1951 the labor maintained the consensus The Thirteen Waste d Years, 1951-1964 Three concussive conservative prime ministers in government Winston Churchill.Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan they did not undo anything & they kept the Welfare State because it is a symbol of socialism & kept negotiating with the Trade Union. These years were good for Britain it was the age of richness- plenty of things- the age of prosperity & full employment, he age consumerism, cars, fashion & music. The age of cinema, movies, sports & leisure it is the beginning of a permissive society. It is wasted years because labor who planted & concoctive who fruit from it. deal wanted what was available or provided.The British politicians were divided on the issue of the Suez Canal, in the 1959 general elections the labor party did not use the 1956 vexation -the war between Britain, France and Israel- because it was for all Britain not only one party but a defeat for Britain. In this stage, the conservatives did not change a lot, their only changed was the prevaricatio n of iron and steel industry because, as we said, during the asss and proto(prenominal) asss there was prosperity and full employment as the youth started to enrapture their life.It was easy to keep consensus, but 1964-1970 is the return of labor, people for some reason were fed up of the conservatives. We can say that consensus is sustain, keep it with some difficulty, the beginning of troubles, Britain started declining & the British from different parts started to accept this idea of gloaming. 1964 labor came to uprise Britain, now there is inflation. Some people ill begin losing Jobs workers want more wages 1964- 1970 labor party under Harold Wilson, consensus was sustained, difficulties and the British started to declaim of crisis and decline.The British economy was prosperous but not as her competitors, Britain began to lose some trade as a result unemployment problems appeared. Britain lived on exports and her competitors were making better and cheaper products. Thus, it lost exporting which led to unemployment later to inflation. Therefore, trade union asked for higher wages leading to strikes in the middle of the asss, consequently, trade unions reconciliation was no more valid. It had acquired power in favor this power has become a problem for government, so the Labor Party started to think of step-down T Vs. power, I. . , putting commission led by Baroness to stop the T. V power, the L P at that time wanted more planning of the economy to modernize Britain, it had a control on the economy of Britain. People of money were afraid of the L P government they became more socialist and started to invest outside what led to a shortage of money. In 1967 labor devalued, I. E. , lost its value in the next election because they lost the meet of trade union and some people. Remark because of the economic problems, the labor government forced to go to the I. M.F -international Monastery Fund- for a loan to ease then through their financial troubles, what meant the adoption of more liberal economic program by the Labor Party. British Decline Britain after the WI was in reconstruction it reconstructed itself by providing employment, in the late asss and asss entered in a period of affluence people had money in their pocket, Jobs were available, it is an age of affluent society, the age of lamb and peace, television and music as well as automobiles which became accessible to use. However, in the Middle of the asss, people started to speak about the downhearted man of Europe.They discovered that their economy did not grow as its competitors, Japan, Germany, USA and France who were doing better. Also this sick man was characterized by the rise of SST inflation, of course, we are dealing with the 1 industrial nation and we compare it when Britain was a vast Empire, where Britain was the workshop of the world expound by the bygone age. The acknowledgment of this loss was in the middle of the asss because many British refused to accept this new position and they believed hat there was tranquilize an empire after the WI, but the loss of the Jewel of the Crown India- was the best illustration of this loss.The British decline has to be understood as a loss of power, spread of crisis, troubles and disorder. The most unarguable fact is that the seeds of Britains decline are seen mostly in all fields and in particular political and economic ones that eventually led to the deterioration of its position. Causes and consequences of the British Decline As far as the causes are concerned, we have two perceptions, we have the left over(p) POINT OF VIEW that supported the State interference and socialist fabianism planning, and we have the RIGHT POINT that had its own argument.Concerning the left point, they thought that the decline had roots in the Victorian Britain where we find society of contrast paradoxes there were also political, economic and social causes. Beginning with the political causes, in fact one of the mos t disappointing causes that Britain endured is the effects of two world wars which change magnitude its role as a world power. Though Britains decline during the riotous years was arrested it constructed her economy rapidly often theWI and it remained in late sasss an passing rich country but the heavy costs of the war and the millions causalities small her capacity to maintain the vast empire. Another feature to this decline in world power was the loss of some territories e. G. India (with the rise of colonial nationalism) which was one of the most important components of the British empire since it was its largest source of revenue. Thus the loss of India meant the beginning of the end of the British Empire. N.B. the end of the British rule in Ireland had also been a negative effect on Britain rower.Moreover, the Empire did not really benefit Britain in fact, it was made by industrialists and traders who exclusively benefited from it. Also, in case of a problem the beneficiari es were the few and the expanses of the problem come from tax payers, the best example is the Ireland problem, also because they had two party systems the liberals and the conservatives. Nevertheless, the most outstanding point was when the left stressed its criticism on the Laissez-fairer ideology which had a sense of paradoxes it was advocated in Britain and in its colonies people were not free.